Erucic acid in feed and food
Abstract Erucic acid is the trivial name of the fatty acid cis‐13‐docosenoic acid and occurs at high concentrations mainly in the seeds of species of the Brassicaceae (e.g. rape seed or mustard seed). The European Commission requested EFSA to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2016-11-01
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| Series: | EFSA Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4593 |
| _version_ | 1818848613182210048 |
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| author | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) Helle Katrine Knutsen Jan Alexander Lars Barregård Margherita Bignami Beat Brüschweiler Sandra Ceccatelli Michael Dinovi Lutz Edler Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp Christer Hogstrand Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom Carlo Stefano Nebbia Isabelle Oswald Annette Petersen Martin Rose Alain‐Claude Roudot Tanja Schwerdtle Günter Vollmer Heather Wallace Bruce Cottrill Eugenia Dogliotti Juha Laakso Manfred Metzler Leonardo Velasco Katleen Baert Jose Angel Gómez Ruiz Enikő Varga Barbara Dörr Rita Sousa Christiane Vleminckx |
| author_facet | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) Helle Katrine Knutsen Jan Alexander Lars Barregård Margherita Bignami Beat Brüschweiler Sandra Ceccatelli Michael Dinovi Lutz Edler Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp Christer Hogstrand Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom Carlo Stefano Nebbia Isabelle Oswald Annette Petersen Martin Rose Alain‐Claude Roudot Tanja Schwerdtle Günter Vollmer Heather Wallace Bruce Cottrill Eugenia Dogliotti Juha Laakso Manfred Metzler Leonardo Velasco Katleen Baert Jose Angel Gómez Ruiz Enikő Varga Barbara Dörr Rita Sousa Christiane Vleminckx |
| author_sort | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Erucic acid is the trivial name of the fatty acid cis‐13‐docosenoic acid and occurs at high concentrations mainly in the seeds of species of the Brassicaceae (e.g. rape seed or mustard seed). The European Commission requested EFSA to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of erucic acid in feed and food. For most humans, the main contributor to dietary exposure to erucic acid was the food group ‘Fine bakery wares’. In ‘Infants’, ‘Food for infants and small children’ was the main contributor to exposure. The heart is the principal target organ for toxic effects after exposure. Myocardial lipidosis was identified as the critical effect for chronic exposure to erucic acid. This effect is reversible and transient during prolonged exposure. A tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 7 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for erucic acid was established, based on a no observed adverse effect level of 0.7 g/kg bw per day for lipidosis in young rats and newborn piglets. Mean chronic exposure of the different groups of the population did not exceed the TDI. The two highest 95th percentile dietary exposure levels were observed for infants (ranging from 1.7 to 7.4 mg/kg bw per day, minimum lower bound (LB) – maximum upper bound (UB)) and other children (ranging from 2.1 to 9.5 mg/kg bw per day, minimum LB – maximum UB), the last max UB estimate being above the TDI. This may indicate a risk for young individuals with high erucic acid exposure. In pigs, levels of erucic acid are unlikely to represent a health concern. However, for poultry, the small margin between the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) and the estimated exposure may indicate a health risk where maximum inclusion rates are applied. Due to the absence of adequate data, the risk for ruminants, horses, fish and rabbits could not be assessed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:20:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58ec4f22e25f478b9aa07bb5279477af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1831-4732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:20:07Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EFSA Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-58ec4f22e25f478b9aa07bb5279477af2022-12-21T20:32:45ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322016-11-011411n/an/a10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4593Erucic acid in feed and foodEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)Helle Katrine KnutsenJan AlexanderLars BarregårdMargherita BignamiBeat BrüschweilerSandra CeccatelliMichael DinoviLutz EdlerBettina Grasl‐KrauppChrister HogstrandLaurentius (Ron) HoogenboomCarlo Stefano NebbiaIsabelle OswaldAnnette PetersenMartin RoseAlain‐Claude RoudotTanja SchwerdtleGünter VollmerHeather WallaceBruce CottrillEugenia DogliottiJuha LaaksoManfred MetzlerLeonardo VelascoKatleen BaertJose Angel Gómez RuizEnikő VargaBarbara DörrRita SousaChristiane VleminckxAbstract Erucic acid is the trivial name of the fatty acid cis‐13‐docosenoic acid and occurs at high concentrations mainly in the seeds of species of the Brassicaceae (e.g. rape seed or mustard seed). The European Commission requested EFSA to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of erucic acid in feed and food. For most humans, the main contributor to dietary exposure to erucic acid was the food group ‘Fine bakery wares’. In ‘Infants’, ‘Food for infants and small children’ was the main contributor to exposure. The heart is the principal target organ for toxic effects after exposure. Myocardial lipidosis was identified as the critical effect for chronic exposure to erucic acid. This effect is reversible and transient during prolonged exposure. A tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 7 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for erucic acid was established, based on a no observed adverse effect level of 0.7 g/kg bw per day for lipidosis in young rats and newborn piglets. Mean chronic exposure of the different groups of the population did not exceed the TDI. The two highest 95th percentile dietary exposure levels were observed for infants (ranging from 1.7 to 7.4 mg/kg bw per day, minimum lower bound (LB) – maximum upper bound (UB)) and other children (ranging from 2.1 to 9.5 mg/kg bw per day, minimum LB – maximum UB), the last max UB estimate being above the TDI. This may indicate a risk for young individuals with high erucic acid exposure. In pigs, levels of erucic acid are unlikely to represent a health concern. However, for poultry, the small margin between the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) and the estimated exposure may indicate a health risk where maximum inclusion rates are applied. Due to the absence of adequate data, the risk for ruminants, horses, fish and rabbits could not be assessed.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4593erucic acidrape seedrapeseed oilrisk assessmentfoodfeed |
| spellingShingle | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) Helle Katrine Knutsen Jan Alexander Lars Barregård Margherita Bignami Beat Brüschweiler Sandra Ceccatelli Michael Dinovi Lutz Edler Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp Christer Hogstrand Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom Carlo Stefano Nebbia Isabelle Oswald Annette Petersen Martin Rose Alain‐Claude Roudot Tanja Schwerdtle Günter Vollmer Heather Wallace Bruce Cottrill Eugenia Dogliotti Juha Laakso Manfred Metzler Leonardo Velasco Katleen Baert Jose Angel Gómez Ruiz Enikő Varga Barbara Dörr Rita Sousa Christiane Vleminckx Erucic acid in feed and food EFSA Journal erucic acid rape seed rapeseed oil risk assessment food feed |
| title | Erucic acid in feed and food |
| title_full | Erucic acid in feed and food |
| title_fullStr | Erucic acid in feed and food |
| title_full_unstemmed | Erucic acid in feed and food |
| title_short | Erucic acid in feed and food |
| title_sort | erucic acid in feed and food |
| topic | erucic acid rape seed rapeseed oil risk assessment food feed |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4593 |
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