Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India
Abstract The glutathione S-transferases (GST) genes are a multigene family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to the substrate. The epsilon class of GST (GSTe), unique to arthropods, is known t...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21522-8 |
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| author | Cherry L. Dykes Gunjan Sharma Abhisek K. Behera Neera Kapoor Mark J. I. Paine Martin J. Donnelly Om P. Singh |
| author_facet | Cherry L. Dykes Gunjan Sharma Abhisek K. Behera Neera Kapoor Mark J. I. Paine Martin J. Donnelly Om P. Singh |
| author_sort | Cherry L. Dykes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The glutathione S-transferases (GST) genes are a multigene family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to the substrate. The epsilon class of GST (GSTe), unique to arthropods, is known to be involved in the detoxification process of several classes of insecticides, and GSTe2 in particular is known to have DDT dehydrochlorinase activity. This communication reports a tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding GSTe2 and GSTe4 genes in a laboratory-colonized DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi. We identified duplication breakpoints and the organization of gene duplication through Sanger sequencing performed on long-PCR products. Manual annotation of sequences revealed a tandemly-arrayed duplication of a 3.62 kb segment of GST epsilon gene clusters comprised of five genes: a partial GSTe1, GSTe2, GSTe2-pseudogene, GSTe4 and partial GSTe5, interconnected by a conserved 2.42 kb DNA insert segment major part of which is homologous to a genomic region located on a different chromosome. The tandemly duplicated array contained a total of two GSTe2 and three GSTe4 functional paralog genes. Read-depth coverage and split-read analysis of Illumina-based whole-genome sequence reads confirmed the presence of duplication in the corresponding region of the genome. The increased gene dose in mosquitoes as a result of the GSTe gene-duplication may be an adaptive process to increase levels of detoxifying enzymes to counter insecticide pressure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:19:24Z |
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| id | doaj.art-58f459c72cea447ca939332a24dea7f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:19:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-58f459c72cea447ca939332a24dea7f12022-12-22T02:38:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-10-0112111410.1038/s41598-022-21522-8Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from IndiaCherry L. Dykes0Gunjan Sharma1Abhisek K. Behera2Neera Kapoor3Mark J. I. Paine4Martin J. Donnelly5Om P. Singh6National Institute of Malaria ResearchNational Institute of Malaria ResearchNational Institute of Malaria ResearchIndira Gandhi National Open UniversityDepartment of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineNational Institute of Malaria ResearchAbstract The glutathione S-transferases (GST) genes are a multigene family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione to the substrate. The epsilon class of GST (GSTe), unique to arthropods, is known to be involved in the detoxification process of several classes of insecticides, and GSTe2 in particular is known to have DDT dehydrochlorinase activity. This communication reports a tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding GSTe2 and GSTe4 genes in a laboratory-colonized DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi. We identified duplication breakpoints and the organization of gene duplication through Sanger sequencing performed on long-PCR products. Manual annotation of sequences revealed a tandemly-arrayed duplication of a 3.62 kb segment of GST epsilon gene clusters comprised of five genes: a partial GSTe1, GSTe2, GSTe2-pseudogene, GSTe4 and partial GSTe5, interconnected by a conserved 2.42 kb DNA insert segment major part of which is homologous to a genomic region located on a different chromosome. The tandemly duplicated array contained a total of two GSTe2 and three GSTe4 functional paralog genes. Read-depth coverage and split-read analysis of Illumina-based whole-genome sequence reads confirmed the presence of duplication in the corresponding region of the genome. The increased gene dose in mosquitoes as a result of the GSTe gene-duplication may be an adaptive process to increase levels of detoxifying enzymes to counter insecticide pressure.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21522-8 |
| spellingShingle | Cherry L. Dykes Gunjan Sharma Abhisek K. Behera Neera Kapoor Mark J. I. Paine Martin J. Donnelly Om P. Singh Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India Scientific Reports |
| title | Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India |
| title_full | Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India |
| title_fullStr | Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India |
| title_short | Tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione S-transferase epsilon-2 and -4 genes in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi strain from India |
| title_sort | tandem duplication of a genomic region encoding glutathione s transferase epsilon 2 and 4 genes in ddt resistant anopheles stephensi strain from india |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21522-8 |
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