Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based Material
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) presents a sustainable, environmentally friendly solution for repairing cracks in cement-based materials, such as mortar and concrete. This self-healing approach mechanism enables the matrix to autonomously close its own cracks over time. In...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/12/3782 |
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| author | Deividi Gomes Maurente-Silva João Vitor Bitencourt Borowski Vanessa Giaretton Cappellesso Marilene Henning Vainstein Angela Borges Masuero Denise Carpena Coitinho Dal Molin |
| author_facet | Deividi Gomes Maurente-Silva João Vitor Bitencourt Borowski Vanessa Giaretton Cappellesso Marilene Henning Vainstein Angela Borges Masuero Denise Carpena Coitinho Dal Molin |
| author_sort | Deividi Gomes Maurente-Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) presents a sustainable, environmentally friendly solution for repairing cracks in cement-based materials, such as mortar and concrete. This self-healing approach mechanism enables the matrix to autonomously close its own cracks over time. In this study, specimens (50 mm in diameter and 25 mm in height) were exposed to submersion and a wet–dry cycle environment. The solution considered a nutrient-rich suspension with calcium lactate, urea, calcium nitrate, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> or <i>Sporosarcina pasteurii</i> in a biomineralization approach. The self-healing efficiency was assessed through optical microscopy combined with image processing, focusing on the analysis of the superficial crack closure area. <i>S.</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> exhibited notable capabilities in effectively healing cracks, respectively, 8 mm<sup>2</sup> and 5 mm<sup>2</sup> at 35 days. Healing was particularly effective in samples placed in a submerged environment, especially with a 69 mM concentration of calcium lactate in bacterial suspensions containing <i>B. subtilis</i>, where 87.5% of a 4 mm<sup>2</sup> crack was closed within 21 days. In contrast, free calcium ions in the solution, resulting from anhydrous cement hydration, proved ineffective for <i>S. pasteurii</i> biomineralization in urea-rich environments. However, the addition of an external calcium source (calcium nitrate) significantly enhanced crack closure, emphasizing the critical role of calcium availability in optimizing MICP for bio-agents in cement-based materials. These findings highlight the potential of MICP to advance sustainable self-healing concrete technologies. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-17T12:38:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj.art-58ff8cded0994223883b75ac987c4ede2024-12-27T14:15:19ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092024-11-011412378210.3390/buildings14123782Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based MaterialDeividi Gomes Maurente-Silva0João Vitor Bitencourt Borowski1Vanessa Giaretton Cappellesso2Marilene Henning Vainstein3Angela Borges Masuero4Denise Carpena Coitinho Dal Molin5Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil: Construção e Infraestrutura (PPGCI), Núcleo Orientado para a Inovação da Edificação (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-190, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, BrazilMagnel-Vandepitte Laboratory, Department of Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil: Construção e Infraestrutura (PPGCI), Núcleo Orientado para a Inovação da Edificação (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-190, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil: Construção e Infraestrutura (PPGCI), Núcleo Orientado para a Inovação da Edificação (NORIE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-190, BrazilMicrobially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) presents a sustainable, environmentally friendly solution for repairing cracks in cement-based materials, such as mortar and concrete. This self-healing approach mechanism enables the matrix to autonomously close its own cracks over time. In this study, specimens (50 mm in diameter and 25 mm in height) were exposed to submersion and a wet–dry cycle environment. The solution considered a nutrient-rich suspension with calcium lactate, urea, calcium nitrate, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> or <i>Sporosarcina pasteurii</i> in a biomineralization approach. The self-healing efficiency was assessed through optical microscopy combined with image processing, focusing on the analysis of the superficial crack closure area. <i>S.</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> exhibited notable capabilities in effectively healing cracks, respectively, 8 mm<sup>2</sup> and 5 mm<sup>2</sup> at 35 days. Healing was particularly effective in samples placed in a submerged environment, especially with a 69 mM concentration of calcium lactate in bacterial suspensions containing <i>B. subtilis</i>, where 87.5% of a 4 mm<sup>2</sup> crack was closed within 21 days. In contrast, free calcium ions in the solution, resulting from anhydrous cement hydration, proved ineffective for <i>S. pasteurii</i> biomineralization in urea-rich environments. However, the addition of an external calcium source (calcium nitrate) significantly enhanced crack closure, emphasizing the critical role of calcium availability in optimizing MICP for bio-agents in cement-based materials. These findings highlight the potential of MICP to advance sustainable self-healing concrete technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/12/3782self-healingbacteria-based self-healing agentcalcium sourcesoptical microscopycement-basedsubmerged condition |
| spellingShingle | Deividi Gomes Maurente-Silva João Vitor Bitencourt Borowski Vanessa Giaretton Cappellesso Marilene Henning Vainstein Angela Borges Masuero Denise Carpena Coitinho Dal Molin Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based Material Buildings self-healing bacteria-based self-healing agent calcium sources optical microscopy cement-based submerged condition |
| title | Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based Material |
| title_full | Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based Material |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based Material |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based Material |
| title_short | Effect of Exposure Environment and Calcium Source on the Biologically Induced Self-Healing Phenomenon in a Cement-Based Material |
| title_sort | effect of exposure environment and calcium source on the biologically induced self healing phenomenon in a cement based material |
| topic | self-healing bacteria-based self-healing agent calcium sources optical microscopy cement-based submerged condition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/12/3782 |
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