Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry
The polygenic and multifactorial nature of many psychiatric disorders has hampered implementation of the personalized medicine approach in clinical practice. However, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has emerged as an innovative tool for patient-specific disease modeling to expand the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/8/1340 |
| _version_ | 1797444089772244992 |
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| author | Alessandra Alciati Angelo Reggiani Daniela Caldirola Giampaolo Perna |
| author_facet | Alessandra Alciati Angelo Reggiani Daniela Caldirola Giampaolo Perna |
| author_sort | Alessandra Alciati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The polygenic and multifactorial nature of many psychiatric disorders has hampered implementation of the personalized medicine approach in clinical practice. However, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has emerged as an innovative tool for patient-specific disease modeling to expand the pathophysiology knowledge and treatment perspectives in the last decade. Current technologies enable adult human somatic cell reprogramming into iPSCs to generate neural cells and direct neural cell conversion to model organisms that exhibit phenotypes close to human diseases, thereby effectively representing relevant aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this regard, iPSCs reflect patient pathophysiology and pharmacological responsiveness, particularly when cultured under conditions that emulate spatial tissue organization in brain organoids. Recently, the application of iPSCs has been frequently associated with gene editing that targets the disease-causing gene to deepen the illness pathophysiology and to conduct drug screening. Moreover, gene editing has provided a unique opportunity to repair the putative causative genetic lesions in patient-derived cells. Here, we review the use of iPSC technology to model and potentially treat neuropsychiatric disorders by illustrating the key studies on a series of mental disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Future perspectives will involve the development of organ-on-a-chip platforms that control the microenvironmental conditions so as to reflect individual pathophysiological by adjusting physiochemical parameters according to personal health data. This strategy could open new ways by which to build a disease model that considers individual variability and tailors personalized treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:07:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59094425d0934e4390afd13d4d9196e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:07:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-59094425d0934e4390afd13d4d9196e82023-11-30T21:46:40ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262022-08-01128134010.3390/jpm12081340Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized PsychiatryAlessandra Alciati0Angelo Reggiani1Daniela Caldirola2Giampaolo Perna3Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni—Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Como, ItalyD3 Validation Research Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni—Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Como, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni—Hermanas Hospitalarias, Via Roma 16, 22032 Albese con Cassano, Como, ItalyThe polygenic and multifactorial nature of many psychiatric disorders has hampered implementation of the personalized medicine approach in clinical practice. However, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has emerged as an innovative tool for patient-specific disease modeling to expand the pathophysiology knowledge and treatment perspectives in the last decade. Current technologies enable adult human somatic cell reprogramming into iPSCs to generate neural cells and direct neural cell conversion to model organisms that exhibit phenotypes close to human diseases, thereby effectively representing relevant aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this regard, iPSCs reflect patient pathophysiology and pharmacological responsiveness, particularly when cultured under conditions that emulate spatial tissue organization in brain organoids. Recently, the application of iPSCs has been frequently associated with gene editing that targets the disease-causing gene to deepen the illness pathophysiology and to conduct drug screening. Moreover, gene editing has provided a unique opportunity to repair the putative causative genetic lesions in patient-derived cells. Here, we review the use of iPSC technology to model and potentially treat neuropsychiatric disorders by illustrating the key studies on a series of mental disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Future perspectives will involve the development of organ-on-a-chip platforms that control the microenvironmental conditions so as to reflect individual pathophysiological by adjusting physiochemical parameters according to personal health data. This strategy could open new ways by which to build a disease model that considers individual variability and tailors personalized treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/8/1340personalized psychiatrypsychiatric disordersinduced pluripotent stem cellsbrain organoids |
| spellingShingle | Alessandra Alciati Angelo Reggiani Daniela Caldirola Giampaolo Perna Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry Journal of Personalized Medicine personalized psychiatry psychiatric disorders induced pluripotent stem cells brain organoids |
| title | Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry |
| title_full | Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry |
| title_fullStr | Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry |
| title_short | Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: Toward the Future of Personalized Psychiatry |
| title_sort | human induced pluripotent stem cell technology toward the future of personalized psychiatry |
| topic | personalized psychiatry psychiatric disorders induced pluripotent stem cells brain organoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/8/1340 |
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