Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock
Abstract Background Freshwater ecosystems are some of the most affected by biological invasions due, in part, to the introduction of invasive carp worldwide. Where carp have become established, management programs often seek to limit further range expansion into new areas by reducing their movement...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Movement Ecology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00396-z |
| _version_ | 1797769300998619136 |
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| author | Maggie Raboin John M. Plumb Matthew D. Sholtis David L. Smith P. Ryan Jackson Jose M. Rivera Cory D. Suski Aaron R. Cupp |
| author_facet | Maggie Raboin John M. Plumb Matthew D. Sholtis David L. Smith P. Ryan Jackson Jose M. Rivera Cory D. Suski Aaron R. Cupp |
| author_sort | Maggie Raboin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Freshwater ecosystems are some of the most affected by biological invasions due, in part, to the introduction of invasive carp worldwide. Where carp have become established, management programs often seek to limit further range expansion into new areas by reducing their movement through interconnected rivers and waterways. Lock and dams are important locations for non-physical deterrents, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), to reduce unwanted fish passage without disrupting human use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to non-physical deterrents within a navigation structure on the Fox River, Wisconsin. Acoustic telemetry combined with hidden Markov models (HMMs) was used to analyze variation in carp responses to treatments. Outcomes may inform CO2 effectiveness at preventing invasive carp movement through movement pinch-points. Methods Carbon dioxide (CO2) was recently registered as a pesticide in the United States for use as a deterrent to invasive carp movement. As a part of a multi-component study to test a large-scale CO2 delivery system within a navigation lock, we characterized the influence of elevated CO2 and forced water circulation in the lock chamber on carp movements and behavior. Through time-to-event analyses, we described the responses of acoustic-tagged carp to experimental treatments including (1) CO2 injection in water with forced water circulation, (2) forced water circulation without CO2 and (3) no forced water circulation or CO2. We then used hidden Markov models (HMMs) to define fine-scale carp movement and evaluate the relationships between carp behavioral states and CO2 concentration, forced water circulation, and temperature. Results Forced water circulation with and without CO2 injection were effective at expelling carp from the lock chamber relative to null treatments where no stimulus was applied. A portion of carp exposed to forced water circulation with CO2 transitioned from an exploratory to an encamped behavioral state with shorter step-lengths and a unimodal distribution in turning angles, resulting in some carp remaining in the lock chamber. Whereas carp exposed to forced water circulation only remained primarily in an exploratory behavioral state, resulting in all carp exiting the lock chamber. Conclusion Our findings illustrate the potential of forced water circulation, alone, as a non-physical deterrent and the efficacy of CO2 injection with forced water circulation in expelling carp from a navigation lock. Results demonstrate how acoustic telemetry and HMMs in an experimental context can describe fish behavior and inform management strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:06:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-590b41793dc249498734625700319040 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2051-3933 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:06:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Movement Ecology |
| spelling | doaj.art-590b41793dc2494987346257003190402023-07-30T11:27:09ZengBMCMovement Ecology2051-39332023-07-0111111610.1186/s40462-023-00396-zMovement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lockMaggie Raboin0John M. Plumb1Matthew D. Sholtis2David L. Smith3P. Ryan Jackson4Jose M. Rivera5Cory D. Suski6Aaron R. Cupp7Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterU.S. Geological Survey, Columbia River Research LaboratoryU.S. Geological Survey, Columbia River Research LaboratoryEngineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of EngineersU.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of IllinoisU.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterAbstract Background Freshwater ecosystems are some of the most affected by biological invasions due, in part, to the introduction of invasive carp worldwide. Where carp have become established, management programs often seek to limit further range expansion into new areas by reducing their movement through interconnected rivers and waterways. Lock and dams are important locations for non-physical deterrents, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), to reduce unwanted fish passage without disrupting human use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to non-physical deterrents within a navigation structure on the Fox River, Wisconsin. Acoustic telemetry combined with hidden Markov models (HMMs) was used to analyze variation in carp responses to treatments. Outcomes may inform CO2 effectiveness at preventing invasive carp movement through movement pinch-points. Methods Carbon dioxide (CO2) was recently registered as a pesticide in the United States for use as a deterrent to invasive carp movement. As a part of a multi-component study to test a large-scale CO2 delivery system within a navigation lock, we characterized the influence of elevated CO2 and forced water circulation in the lock chamber on carp movements and behavior. Through time-to-event analyses, we described the responses of acoustic-tagged carp to experimental treatments including (1) CO2 injection in water with forced water circulation, (2) forced water circulation without CO2 and (3) no forced water circulation or CO2. We then used hidden Markov models (HMMs) to define fine-scale carp movement and evaluate the relationships between carp behavioral states and CO2 concentration, forced water circulation, and temperature. Results Forced water circulation with and without CO2 injection were effective at expelling carp from the lock chamber relative to null treatments where no stimulus was applied. A portion of carp exposed to forced water circulation with CO2 transitioned from an exploratory to an encamped behavioral state with shorter step-lengths and a unimodal distribution in turning angles, resulting in some carp remaining in the lock chamber. Whereas carp exposed to forced water circulation only remained primarily in an exploratory behavioral state, resulting in all carp exiting the lock chamber. Conclusion Our findings illustrate the potential of forced water circulation, alone, as a non-physical deterrent and the efficacy of CO2 injection with forced water circulation in expelling carp from a navigation lock. Results demonstrate how acoustic telemetry and HMMs in an experimental context can describe fish behavior and inform management strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00396-zInvasive speciesHidden Markov modelsFish ecologyAcoustic telemetryControl |
| spellingShingle | Maggie Raboin John M. Plumb Matthew D. Sholtis David L. Smith P. Ryan Jackson Jose M. Rivera Cory D. Suski Aaron R. Cupp Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock Movement Ecology Invasive species Hidden Markov models Fish ecology Acoustic telemetry Control |
| title | Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock |
| title_full | Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock |
| title_fullStr | Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock |
| title_short | Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock |
| title_sort | movement and behavioral states of common carp cyprinus carpio in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock |
| topic | Invasive species Hidden Markov models Fish ecology Acoustic telemetry Control |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00396-z |
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