TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, Nigeria
Scintillation and total electron content (TEC) are the two major examples of the top-side ionospheric parameters that are recorded differently by most Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The new GPS sensor created by the Atmospheric and Space Technology Research Associates (ASTRA), Cornell Un...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/636 |
| _version_ | 1797606419219873792 |
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| author | Olawale S. Bolaji Rafiat O. Kaka Wayne A. Scales Joshua B. Fashae Yuxiang Peng A. Babatunde Rabiu Joshua O. Fadiji Aanuoluwapo Ojelade |
| author_facet | Olawale S. Bolaji Rafiat O. Kaka Wayne A. Scales Joshua B. Fashae Yuxiang Peng A. Babatunde Rabiu Joshua O. Fadiji Aanuoluwapo Ojelade |
| author_sort | Olawale S. Bolaji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scintillation and total electron content (TEC) are the two major examples of the top-side ionospheric parameters that are recorded differently by most Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The new GPS sensor created by the Atmospheric and Space Technology Research Associates (ASTRA), Cornell University, and the University of Texas, Austin have capability to record scintillation and TEC fluctuations simultaneously. Hence, the Connected Autonomous Space Environment Sensor (CASES) from ASTRA is a software-defined GPS receiver with the dual frequency of L1 C/A and L2C codes for space-weather monitoring and can be remotely programmed via an internet source. The receiver employs numerous novel techniques that make it suitable for space-weather studies compared to other nearby GPS receivers, such as different methods for eliminating local clock effects, an advanced triggering mechanism for determining scintillation onset, data buffering to permit observation of the prelude to scintillation, and data-bit prediction and wipe-off for robust tracking. Moreover, the CASES hardware is made up of a custom-built dual frequency, a digital signal processor board, and a “single board computer” with an ARM microcontroller. We have used the CASES GPS receiver newly installed at Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria, to investigate the TEC and the rate of the TEC index (ROTI) around the equatorial region. Measurements of the TEC and ROTI showed similar variation trends in monthly, seasonal, and annual periods when compared to TEC and ROTI measurements from a nearby station, BJCO at Cotonou, Benin Republic. The newly installed GPS receiver looks promising for scientific use as it is the only one operational in Nigeria at the moment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-591606b9740744e2acf0cab50c83ffbd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-591606b9740744e2acf0cab50c83ffbd2023-11-17T18:16:40ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-03-0114463610.3390/atmos14040636TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, NigeriaOlawale S. Bolaji0Rafiat O. Kaka1Wayne A. Scales2Joshua B. Fashae3Yuxiang Peng4A. Babatunde Rabiu5Joshua O. Fadiji6Aanuoluwapo Ojelade7Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos 101245, NigeriaCenter for Space Science and Engineering Research (Space@VT), Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USACenter for Space Science and Engineering Research (Space@VT), Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USADepartment of Physics and Solar Energy, Bowen University, Iwo 232101, NigeriaCenter for Space Science and Engineering Research (Space@VT), Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USAAfrican Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education, Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Ile Ife 220101, NigeriaDepartment of Physics and Solar Energy, Bowen University, Iwo 232101, NigeriaDepartment of Industrial and System Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, St. Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAScintillation and total electron content (TEC) are the two major examples of the top-side ionospheric parameters that are recorded differently by most Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The new GPS sensor created by the Atmospheric and Space Technology Research Associates (ASTRA), Cornell University, and the University of Texas, Austin have capability to record scintillation and TEC fluctuations simultaneously. Hence, the Connected Autonomous Space Environment Sensor (CASES) from ASTRA is a software-defined GPS receiver with the dual frequency of L1 C/A and L2C codes for space-weather monitoring and can be remotely programmed via an internet source. The receiver employs numerous novel techniques that make it suitable for space-weather studies compared to other nearby GPS receivers, such as different methods for eliminating local clock effects, an advanced triggering mechanism for determining scintillation onset, data buffering to permit observation of the prelude to scintillation, and data-bit prediction and wipe-off for robust tracking. Moreover, the CASES hardware is made up of a custom-built dual frequency, a digital signal processor board, and a “single board computer” with an ARM microcontroller. We have used the CASES GPS receiver newly installed at Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria, to investigate the TEC and the rate of the TEC index (ROTI) around the equatorial region. Measurements of the TEC and ROTI showed similar variation trends in monthly, seasonal, and annual periods when compared to TEC and ROTI measurements from a nearby station, BJCO at Cotonou, Benin Republic. The newly installed GPS receiver looks promising for scientific use as it is the only one operational in Nigeria at the moment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/636TECROTIionosphere |
| spellingShingle | Olawale S. Bolaji Rafiat O. Kaka Wayne A. Scales Joshua B. Fashae Yuxiang Peng A. Babatunde Rabiu Joshua O. Fadiji Aanuoluwapo Ojelade TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, Nigeria Atmosphere TEC ROTI ionosphere |
| title | TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, Nigeria |
| title_full | TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, Nigeria |
| title_short | TEC and ROTI Measurements from a New GPS Receiver at BOWEN University, Nigeria |
| title_sort | tec and roti measurements from a new gps receiver at bowen university nigeria |
| topic | TEC ROTI ionosphere |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/636 |
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