Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
BackgroundObservational studies have reported an association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and thyroid dysfunction, but without a clear causal relationship. We attempted to evaluate the association between thyroid function and COVID-19 risk using a bidirectional two-sample Mendeli...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.961717/full |
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| author | Zhihao Zhang Tian Fang Yonggang Lv |
| author_facet | Zhihao Zhang Tian Fang Yonggang Lv |
| author_sort | Zhihao Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundObservational studies have reported an association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and thyroid dysfunction, but without a clear causal relationship. We attempted to evaluate the association between thyroid function and COVID-19 risk using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsSummary statistics on the characteristics of thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) were obtained from the ThyroidOmics Consortium. Genome-wide association study statistics for COVID-19 susceptibility and its severity were obtained from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, and severity phenotypes included hospitalization and very severe disease in COVID-19 participants. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented by the weighted-median (WM), MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. Results were adjusted for Bonferroni correction thresholds.ResultsThe forward MR estimates show no effect of thyroid dysfunction on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. The reverse MR found that COVID-19 susceptibility was the suggestive risk factor for hypothyroidism (IVW: OR = 1.577, 95% CI = 1.065–2.333, P = 0.022; WM: OR = 1.527, 95% CI = 1.042–2.240, P = 0.029), and there was lightly association between COVID-19 hospitalized and hypothyroidism (IVW: OR = 1.151, 95% CI = 1.004–1.319, P = 0.042; WM: OR = 1.197, 95% CI = 1.023-1.401, P = 0.023). There was no evidence supporting the association between any phenotype of COVID-19 and hyperthyroidism.ConclusionOur results identified that COVID-19 might be the potential risk factor for hypothyroidism. Therefore, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 should strengthen the monitoring of thyroid function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:20:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-591a20fd913149aa901e73f6f337dc22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:20:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-591a20fd913149aa901e73f6f337dc222022-12-22T01:43:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-09-011310.3389/fendo.2022.961717961717Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization studyZhihao Zhang0Tian Fang1Yonggang Lv2Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Xi’an NO.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Xi’an NO.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, ChinaBackgroundObservational studies have reported an association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and thyroid dysfunction, but without a clear causal relationship. We attempted to evaluate the association between thyroid function and COVID-19 risk using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsSummary statistics on the characteristics of thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) were obtained from the ThyroidOmics Consortium. Genome-wide association study statistics for COVID-19 susceptibility and its severity were obtained from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, and severity phenotypes included hospitalization and very severe disease in COVID-19 participants. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented by the weighted-median (WM), MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. Results were adjusted for Bonferroni correction thresholds.ResultsThe forward MR estimates show no effect of thyroid dysfunction on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. The reverse MR found that COVID-19 susceptibility was the suggestive risk factor for hypothyroidism (IVW: OR = 1.577, 95% CI = 1.065–2.333, P = 0.022; WM: OR = 1.527, 95% CI = 1.042–2.240, P = 0.029), and there was lightly association between COVID-19 hospitalized and hypothyroidism (IVW: OR = 1.151, 95% CI = 1.004–1.319, P = 0.042; WM: OR = 1.197, 95% CI = 1.023-1.401, P = 0.023). There was no evidence supporting the association between any phenotype of COVID-19 and hyperthyroidism.ConclusionOur results identified that COVID-19 might be the potential risk factor for hypothyroidism. Therefore, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 should strengthen the monitoring of thyroid function.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.961717/fullCOVID-19hypothyroidismhyperthyroidismMendelian randomizationthyroid dysfunction |
| spellingShingle | Zhihao Zhang Tian Fang Yonggang Lv Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study Frontiers in Endocrinology COVID-19 hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism Mendelian randomization thyroid dysfunction |
| title | Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and covid 19 susceptibility and severity a bidirectional mendelian randomization study |
| topic | COVID-19 hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism Mendelian randomization thyroid dysfunction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.961717/full |
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