An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer Study
In this study, the biocidal activity of two plant derivatives (oregano and cloves’ essential oils—EOs) was evaluated, as a potential innovative and eco-friendly cleaning method for canvas paintings. The object of the study was the oil painting on canvas entitled “Studio di nudo” (Giovanni Maria Moss...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/78 |
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| author | Lucrezia Gatti Federica Troiano Violetta Vacchini Francesca Cappitelli Annalisa Balloi |
| author_facet | Lucrezia Gatti Federica Troiano Violetta Vacchini Francesca Cappitelli Annalisa Balloi |
| author_sort | Lucrezia Gatti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the biocidal activity of two plant derivatives (oregano and cloves’ essential oils—EOs) was evaluated, as a potential innovative and eco-friendly cleaning method for canvas paintings. The object of the study was the oil painting on canvas entitled “Studio di nudo” (Giovanni Maria Mossa, 1921), showing stains caused by microorganisms. The research focused on: (1) isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with discolorations on the obverse and reverse sides of the canvas; (2) evaluation of biocidal activity of selected EOs against fungal and bacterial collections. The phylogenetic identification was conducted with both cultivation and molecular methods. The canvas was mainly colonized by <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Aspergillus,</i> and <i>Cephaloteca</i> fungal genera and by bacteria of the <i>Bacillus</i> genus. To evaluate the biocidal effect of the EOs’ volatile components only, an antibiogram assay (agar disc diffusion method) and a customized assay (named the contactless test) were conducted. Tested EOs showed antimicrobial activity on fungi and bacteria. However, compared to cloves, oregano EO exhibited a better inhibition activity both in contact and contactless tests. The work is pioneering for the use of EOs’ volatile compounds against oil painting biodeteriogens, and gives insights into possible extended, innovative and eco-friendly cleaning methods for painting control procedures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:48:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-591c8e8f3e90421281fa9543d2cc908c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:48:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-591c8e8f3e90421281fa9543d2cc908c2023-11-21T02:20:55ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-12-011117810.3390/app11010078An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer StudyLucrezia Gatti0Federica Troiano1Violetta Vacchini2Francesca Cappitelli3Annalisa Balloi4Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyMicro4yoU s.r.l., Via Morozzo della Rocca 6, 20123 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyMicro4yoU s.r.l., Via Morozzo della Rocca 6, 20123 Milano, ItalyIn this study, the biocidal activity of two plant derivatives (oregano and cloves’ essential oils—EOs) was evaluated, as a potential innovative and eco-friendly cleaning method for canvas paintings. The object of the study was the oil painting on canvas entitled “Studio di nudo” (Giovanni Maria Mossa, 1921), showing stains caused by microorganisms. The research focused on: (1) isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with discolorations on the obverse and reverse sides of the canvas; (2) evaluation of biocidal activity of selected EOs against fungal and bacterial collections. The phylogenetic identification was conducted with both cultivation and molecular methods. The canvas was mainly colonized by <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Aspergillus,</i> and <i>Cephaloteca</i> fungal genera and by bacteria of the <i>Bacillus</i> genus. To evaluate the biocidal effect of the EOs’ volatile components only, an antibiogram assay (agar disc diffusion method) and a customized assay (named the contactless test) were conducted. Tested EOs showed antimicrobial activity on fungi and bacteria. However, compared to cloves, oregano EO exhibited a better inhibition activity both in contact and contactless tests. The work is pioneering for the use of EOs’ volatile compounds against oil painting biodeteriogens, and gives insights into possible extended, innovative and eco-friendly cleaning methods for painting control procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/78antimicrobial activitycanvas painting biodeteriorationcleaning procedurecontactless testcultural heritagecontrol |
| spellingShingle | Lucrezia Gatti Federica Troiano Violetta Vacchini Francesca Cappitelli Annalisa Balloi An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer Study Applied Sciences antimicrobial activity canvas painting biodeterioration cleaning procedure contactless test cultural heritage control |
| title | An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer Study |
| title_full | An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer Study |
| title_fullStr | An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer Study |
| title_short | An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biocidal Effect of Oregano and Cloves’ Volatile Compounds against Microorganisms Colonizing an Oil Painting—A Pioneer Study |
| title_sort | in vitro evaluation of the biocidal effect of oregano and cloves volatile compounds against microorganisms colonizing an oil painting a pioneer study |
| topic | antimicrobial activity canvas painting biodeterioration cleaning procedure contactless test cultural heritage control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/78 |
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