Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus
In this work, different pretreatment methods for algae proved to be very effective in improving cell wall dissociation for biogas production. In this study, the <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus (<i>U. intestinalis</i>) has been exposed to individual pretreatments of (ultraso...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/5105 |
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| author | Ahmed El Nemr Mohamed A. Hassaan Marwa R. Elkatory Safaa Ragab Antonio Pantaleo |
| author_facet | Ahmed El Nemr Mohamed A. Hassaan Marwa R. Elkatory Safaa Ragab Antonio Pantaleo |
| author_sort | Ahmed El Nemr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, different pretreatment methods for algae proved to be very effective in improving cell wall dissociation for biogas production. In this study, the <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus (<i>U. intestinalis</i>) has been exposed to individual pretreatments of (ultrasonic, ozone, microwave, and green synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and in a combination of the first three mentioned pretreatments methods with magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) NPs, (ultrasonic-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, ozone-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and microwave-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) in different treatment times. Moreover, the green synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs has been confirmed by FTIR, TEM, XRD, SEM, EDEX, PSA and BET. The maximum biogas production of 179 and 206 mL/g VS have been attained when <i>U. intestinalis</i> has been treated with ultrasonic only and when combined microwave with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> respectively, where sediment were used as inoculum in all pretreatments. From the obtained results, green Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs enhanced the microwave (MW) treatment to produce a higher biogas yield (206 mL/g VS) when compared with individual MW (84 mL/g VS). The modified Gompertz model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.996 was appropriate model to match the calculated biogas production and could be used more practically to distinguish the kinetics of the anaerobic digestion (AD) period. The assessment of XRD, SEM and FTIR discovered the influence of different treatment techniques on the cell wall structure of <i>U. intestinalis</i>. |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:32:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-591cf5de8d0343d994d26742db25e2b02023-11-22T08:56:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012616510510.3390/molecules26165105Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> LinnaeusAhmed El Nemr0Mohamed A. Hassaan1Marwa R. Elkatory2Safaa Ragab3Antonio Pantaleo4Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, EgyptMarine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, EgyptAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, EgyptMarine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, EgyptDepartment of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bari University, 70121 Bari, ItalyIn this work, different pretreatment methods for algae proved to be very effective in improving cell wall dissociation for biogas production. In this study, the <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus (<i>U. intestinalis</i>) has been exposed to individual pretreatments of (ultrasonic, ozone, microwave, and green synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and in a combination of the first three mentioned pretreatments methods with magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) NPs, (ultrasonic-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, ozone-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and microwave-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) in different treatment times. Moreover, the green synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs has been confirmed by FTIR, TEM, XRD, SEM, EDEX, PSA and BET. The maximum biogas production of 179 and 206 mL/g VS have been attained when <i>U. intestinalis</i> has been treated with ultrasonic only and when combined microwave with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> respectively, where sediment were used as inoculum in all pretreatments. From the obtained results, green Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs enhanced the microwave (MW) treatment to produce a higher biogas yield (206 mL/g VS) when compared with individual MW (84 mL/g VS). The modified Gompertz model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.996 was appropriate model to match the calculated biogas production and could be used more practically to distinguish the kinetics of the anaerobic digestion (AD) period. The assessment of XRD, SEM and FTIR discovered the influence of different treatment techniques on the cell wall structure of <i>U. intestinalis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/5105biogasmacroalgaeFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nanoparticlesozonationsonication |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed El Nemr Mohamed A. Hassaan Marwa R. Elkatory Safaa Ragab Antonio Pantaleo Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus Molecules biogas macroalgae Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles ozonation sonication |
| title | Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus |
| title_full | Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus |
| title_fullStr | Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus |
| title_short | Efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae <i>Ulva intestinalis</i> Linnaeus |
| title_sort | efficiency of fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub nanoparticles with different pretreatments for enhancing biogas yield of macroalgae i ulva intestinalis i linnaeus |
| topic | biogas macroalgae Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles ozonation sonication |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/5105 |
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