Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex Hormones
Background: The study aimed to assess if manual therapy, compared to ibuprofen, impacts the concentration of inflammatory factors, sex hormones, and dysmenorrhea in young women Methods: Thirty-five women, clinically diagnosed with dysmenorrhea, were included in the study. They were divided into grou...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2686 |
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| author | Zofia Barcikowska Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska Piotr Wąż Marta Jaskulak Monika Kurpas Maksymilian Sotomski Małgorzata Starzec-Proserpio Elżbieta Rajkowska-Labon Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon Katarzyna Zorena |
| author_facet | Zofia Barcikowska Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska Piotr Wąż Marta Jaskulak Monika Kurpas Maksymilian Sotomski Małgorzata Starzec-Proserpio Elżbieta Rajkowska-Labon Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon Katarzyna Zorena |
| author_sort | Zofia Barcikowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The study aimed to assess if manual therapy, compared to ibuprofen, impacts the concentration of inflammatory factors, sex hormones, and dysmenorrhea in young women Methods: Thirty-five women, clinically diagnosed with dysmenorrhea, were included in the study. They were divided into group A—manual therapy (<i>n</i> = 20) and group B—ibuprofen therapy (<i>n</i> = 15). Inflammatory factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), C-reactive protein (CRP), prostaglandin F2α (PGF<sub>2α</sub>), E2 (PGE2) and sex hormones levels were measured. Dysmenorrhea assessed with the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), myofascial trigger points, and muscle flexibility were examined before and after the interventions. Results: The difference in the level of 17-β-estradiol after manual and ibuprofen therapy was significant, as compared to baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.036). Progesterone levels decreased in group A (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and B (<i>p</i> = 0.028). The level of CRP was negatively correlated with sex hormones. Decrease in dysmenorrhea was significant in both groups (group A <i>p</i> = 0.016, group B <i>p</i> = 0.028). Non-significant differences were reported in prostaglandins, VEGF and CRP levels, in both groups. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in CRP, prostaglandins and VEGF factors after manual or ibuprofen therapy. It has been shown that both manual therapy and ibuprofen can decrease progesterone levels. Manual therapy had a similar effect on the severity of dysmenorrhea as ibuprofen, but after manual therapy, unlike after ibuprofen, less muscles with dysfunction were detected in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:40:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-591d5ba5a11e4e4b8130320163a58c45 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:40:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-591d5ba5a11e4e4b8130320163a58c452023-11-23T11:33:17ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-05-011110268610.3390/jcm11102686Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex HormonesZofia Barcikowska0Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska1Piotr Wąż2Marta Jaskulak3Monika Kurpas4Maksymilian Sotomski5Małgorzata Starzec-Proserpio6Elżbieta Rajkowska-Labon7Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon8Katarzyna Zorena9Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Tuwima 15, 80-210 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Midwifery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 Str., 01-004 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Physical Therapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Physical Therapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, PolandBackground: The study aimed to assess if manual therapy, compared to ibuprofen, impacts the concentration of inflammatory factors, sex hormones, and dysmenorrhea in young women Methods: Thirty-five women, clinically diagnosed with dysmenorrhea, were included in the study. They were divided into group A—manual therapy (<i>n</i> = 20) and group B—ibuprofen therapy (<i>n</i> = 15). Inflammatory factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), C-reactive protein (CRP), prostaglandin F2α (PGF<sub>2α</sub>), E2 (PGE2) and sex hormones levels were measured. Dysmenorrhea assessed with the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), myofascial trigger points, and muscle flexibility were examined before and after the interventions. Results: The difference in the level of 17-β-estradiol after manual and ibuprofen therapy was significant, as compared to baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.036). Progesterone levels decreased in group A (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and B (<i>p</i> = 0.028). The level of CRP was negatively correlated with sex hormones. Decrease in dysmenorrhea was significant in both groups (group A <i>p</i> = 0.016, group B <i>p</i> = 0.028). Non-significant differences were reported in prostaglandins, VEGF and CRP levels, in both groups. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in CRP, prostaglandins and VEGF factors after manual or ibuprofen therapy. It has been shown that both manual therapy and ibuprofen can decrease progesterone levels. Manual therapy had a similar effect on the severity of dysmenorrhea as ibuprofen, but after manual therapy, unlike after ibuprofen, less muscles with dysfunction were detected in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2686young womenprimary dysmenorrheamanual therapyibuprofenCRPVEGF |
| spellingShingle | Zofia Barcikowska Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska Piotr Wąż Marta Jaskulak Monika Kurpas Maksymilian Sotomski Małgorzata Starzec-Proserpio Elżbieta Rajkowska-Labon Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon Katarzyna Zorena Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex Hormones Journal of Clinical Medicine young women primary dysmenorrhea manual therapy ibuprofen CRP VEGF |
| title | Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex Hormones |
| title_full | Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex Hormones |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex Hormones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex Hormones |
| title_short | Effect of Manual Therapy Compared to Ibuprofen on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Young Women—Concentration Assessment of C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Prostaglandins and Sex Hormones |
| title_sort | effect of manual therapy compared to ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrhea in young women concentration assessment of c reactive protein vascular endothelial growth factor prostaglandins and sex hormones |
| topic | young women primary dysmenorrhea manual therapy ibuprofen CRP VEGF |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/10/2686 |
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