Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activity
Objectives: The objective of this study was first to perform the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and encapsulationof torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) inflorescences into a functional powder. Second objective was to evaluate the powder’s characteristics, metabolite profiles, and antioxidant acti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364723001623 |
| _version_ | 1797804662231924736 |
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| author | M.A. Naziruddin M. Jawaid Rob Elais M. Sanny Hassan Fouad N.L. Yusof N.A. Abdul-Mutalib |
| author_facet | M.A. Naziruddin M. Jawaid Rob Elais M. Sanny Hassan Fouad N.L. Yusof N.A. Abdul-Mutalib |
| author_sort | M.A. Naziruddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: The objective of this study was first to perform the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and encapsulationof torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) inflorescences into a functional powder. Second objective was to evaluate the powder’s characteristics, metabolite profiles, and antioxidant activity. Methods: Torch ginger inflorescences were extracted via SFE technique, and the obtained extract was encapsulated by a spray-drying process with maltodextrin as an encapsulating agent. Subsequently, the powder was evaluated for its physical characteristics, determination of metabolite profiles by using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), and antioxidant activity. Results: Spray drying encapsulation process managed to yield around 59.8% of torch ginger extract powder (TGEP) by using 10% of extract, which the obtained yield was twice higher than in another study. TGEP showed inconsistent agglomeration behaviour in particle size examination with distinct sizes concentrating at 2.2 μm and 17.4 μm, respectively. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of TGEP unveiled a considerably high surface area (1.13 m2/g), pore volume (0.218 cm3/g), and pore size (384.6 nm). The metabolites profile of TGEP was studied and characterized using two spectroscopic analyses. Analysis by the FTIR showed the presence of O–H, C–H, C = C, C = O, CO-O-CO, C-N, and C-O functional groups in the sample. Subsequently, the result of the GC–MS characterization revealed about 59 metabolites that predominantly fatty acids (30.5%), terpenes and derivatives (20.3%), fatty acid esters (16.9%), and alcohols (8.47%) were present in TGEP. The powder also demonstrated a high antioxidant activity based on the evaluation of its total phenolic content (23.3 ± 0.662 mg GAE/g TGEP), EC50 as determined from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity assay (1.31 ± 0.002 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (2919.5 ± 19.9 μM TE/g TGEP), which were better than previous studies. Conclusion: Therefore, this study unveiled TGEP as a functional powder with a high content of bioactive compounds with excellent bioactivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:39:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-592322dd5f8c4118bc28746cbd03d881 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1018-3647 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:39:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-592322dd5f8c4118bc28746cbd03d8812023-06-14T04:32:52ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Science1018-36472023-07-01355102700Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activityM.A. Naziruddin0M. Jawaid1Rob Elais2M. Sanny3Hassan Fouad4N.L. Yusof5N.A. Abdul-Mutalib6Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaLaboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Biocomposite Centre, University of Bangor, Wales, UKDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaApplied Medical Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaObjectives: The objective of this study was first to perform the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and encapsulationof torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) inflorescences into a functional powder. Second objective was to evaluate the powder’s characteristics, metabolite profiles, and antioxidant activity. Methods: Torch ginger inflorescences were extracted via SFE technique, and the obtained extract was encapsulated by a spray-drying process with maltodextrin as an encapsulating agent. Subsequently, the powder was evaluated for its physical characteristics, determination of metabolite profiles by using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), and antioxidant activity. Results: Spray drying encapsulation process managed to yield around 59.8% of torch ginger extract powder (TGEP) by using 10% of extract, which the obtained yield was twice higher than in another study. TGEP showed inconsistent agglomeration behaviour in particle size examination with distinct sizes concentrating at 2.2 μm and 17.4 μm, respectively. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of TGEP unveiled a considerably high surface area (1.13 m2/g), pore volume (0.218 cm3/g), and pore size (384.6 nm). The metabolites profile of TGEP was studied and characterized using two spectroscopic analyses. Analysis by the FTIR showed the presence of O–H, C–H, C = C, C = O, CO-O-CO, C-N, and C-O functional groups in the sample. Subsequently, the result of the GC–MS characterization revealed about 59 metabolites that predominantly fatty acids (30.5%), terpenes and derivatives (20.3%), fatty acid esters (16.9%), and alcohols (8.47%) were present in TGEP. The powder also demonstrated a high antioxidant activity based on the evaluation of its total phenolic content (23.3 ± 0.662 mg GAE/g TGEP), EC50 as determined from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity assay (1.31 ± 0.002 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (2919.5 ± 19.9 μM TE/g TGEP), which were better than previous studies. Conclusion: Therefore, this study unveiled TGEP as a functional powder with a high content of bioactive compounds with excellent bioactivity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364723001623Etlingera elatiorEncapsulated torch ginger extract powderSupercritical fluid extractionSpray dryingEncapsulationMetabolite |
| spellingShingle | M.A. Naziruddin M. Jawaid Rob Elais M. Sanny Hassan Fouad N.L. Yusof N.A. Abdul-Mutalib Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activity Journal of King Saud University: Science Etlingera elatior Encapsulated torch ginger extract powder Supercritical fluid extraction Spray drying Encapsulation Metabolite |
| title | Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activity |
| title_full | Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activity |
| title_fullStr | Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activity |
| title_short | Supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger: Encapsulation, metabolite profiling, and antioxidant activity |
| title_sort | supercritical fluid extraction of torch ginger encapsulation metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity |
| topic | Etlingera elatior Encapsulated torch ginger extract powder Supercritical fluid extraction Spray drying Encapsulation Metabolite |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364723001623 |
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