| Summary: | ABSTRACT Handroanthus impetiginosus is a Brazilian native tree threatened by illegal logging that needs conservation strategies. Due to the need to obtain seeds of high genetic and physiological quality, this study aimed to select mother trees, aiming at the installation of Seed Collection Areas of H. impetiginosus. Therefore, the genetic diversity and physiological quality of seeds from 63 individuals of a natural population of H. impetiginosus in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were evaluated. The molecular markers revealed that the studied population has high intrapopulation genetic diversity (Nei’s genetic diversity = 0.35; and Shannon index = 0.52). Subsequently, germination and seed vigor tests evaluated the physiological quality of seeds from 63 trees. Of this total, 45 individuals produced seeds of high and intermediate physiological quality. Therefore, individuals with a Nei’s genetic distance < 0.72 and germination greater than 50% can be selected as mother trees, and the population has the potential to propose a Seed Collection Area.
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