Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate
This study aimed to develop new rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) for thermal insulation based on kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulp and paper industry. Crude lignin-based polyol (LBP) was obtained via the oxyalkylation of kraft lignin using propylene carbonate (PC). A design of experiment...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | ChemEngineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/6/6/95 |
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| author | Fernanda R. Vieira Nuno V. Gama Ana Barros-Timmons Dmitry V. Evtuguin Paula C. O. R. Pinto |
| author_facet | Fernanda R. Vieira Nuno V. Gama Ana Barros-Timmons Dmitry V. Evtuguin Paula C. O. R. Pinto |
| author_sort | Fernanda R. Vieira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to develop new rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) for thermal insulation based on kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulp and paper industry. Crude lignin-based polyol (LBP) was obtained via the oxyalkylation of kraft lignin using propylene carbonate (PC). A design of experiments (DoE) was used to evaluate the effect of the isocyanate (NCO)-to-hydroxyl (OH)-group’s ratio, the content of crude LBP, the blowing agent (BA), and catalyst on the thermal conductivity and density of RPUFs. Statistical analysis revealed that the increase in crude LBP and BA content in the formulation decreases the thermal conductivity and density of the foams. In addition, the fact that LBP is a viscous polyol containing PC-oligomers appears to affect the cellular structure of RPUFs, and consequently reduces their mechanical and thermal properties. The main novelty of this study consisted in the careful optimization of the formulation, namely, with regard to the type of blowing agent and with the high content of crude LBP obtained from the oxyalkylation of LignoBoost kraft lignin without purification to obtain good quality RPUF that meets market requirements for insulation materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-593dad8f84a146639653828749a5e94a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-7084 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ChemEngineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-593dad8f84a146639653828749a5e94a2023-11-24T13:58:10ZengMDPI AGChemEngineering2305-70842022-12-01669510.3390/chemengineering6060095Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene CarbonateFernanda R. Vieira0Nuno V. Gama1Ana Barros-Timmons2Dmitry V. Evtuguin3Paula C. O. R. Pinto4Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Institute of Materials, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Chemistry, CICECO-Institute of Materials, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Chemistry, CICECO-Institute of Materials, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Chemistry, CICECO-Institute of Materials, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalRAIZ, Forest and Paper Research Institute, Quinta de S. Francisco, 3801-501 Aveiro, PortugalThis study aimed to develop new rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) for thermal insulation based on kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulp and paper industry. Crude lignin-based polyol (LBP) was obtained via the oxyalkylation of kraft lignin using propylene carbonate (PC). A design of experiments (DoE) was used to evaluate the effect of the isocyanate (NCO)-to-hydroxyl (OH)-group’s ratio, the content of crude LBP, the blowing agent (BA), and catalyst on the thermal conductivity and density of RPUFs. Statistical analysis revealed that the increase in crude LBP and BA content in the formulation decreases the thermal conductivity and density of the foams. In addition, the fact that LBP is a viscous polyol containing PC-oligomers appears to affect the cellular structure of RPUFs, and consequently reduces their mechanical and thermal properties. The main novelty of this study consisted in the careful optimization of the formulation, namely, with regard to the type of blowing agent and with the high content of crude LBP obtained from the oxyalkylation of LignoBoost kraft lignin without purification to obtain good quality RPUF that meets market requirements for insulation materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/6/6/95lignin-based polyolpolyether polyoloxyalkylationpolyurethane foaminsulation materialdesign of experiments |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda R. Vieira Nuno V. Gama Ana Barros-Timmons Dmitry V. Evtuguin Paula C. O. R. Pinto Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate ChemEngineering lignin-based polyol polyether polyol oxyalkylation polyurethane foam insulation material design of experiments |
| title | Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate |
| title_full | Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate |
| title_fullStr | Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate |
| title_short | Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate |
| title_sort | development of rigid polyurethane foams based on kraft lignin polyol obtained by oxyalkylation using propylene carbonate |
| topic | lignin-based polyol polyether polyol oxyalkylation polyurethane foam insulation material design of experiments |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/6/6/95 |
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