Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study
The purpose of the study is to compare the hardness of different metallic brackets to enamel and to determine their chemical composition and microstructure. Five metallic brackets (0.022″ × 0.028″ inch) from seven orthodontic firms produced in different alloys (Discovery<sup>®</sup> Smar...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Dentistry Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/9/202 |
| _version_ | 1797580602708328448 |
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| author | Marine Colmant Paul Fawaz Kenneth Stanton Oisin MacMichael Bart Vande Vannet |
| author_facet | Marine Colmant Paul Fawaz Kenneth Stanton Oisin MacMichael Bart Vande Vannet |
| author_sort | Marine Colmant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of the study is to compare the hardness of different metallic brackets to enamel and to determine their chemical composition and microstructure. Five metallic brackets (0.022″ × 0.028″ inch) from seven orthodontic firms produced in different alloys (Discovery<sup>®</sup> Smart/Empower<sup>®</sup>/Genius<sup>®</sup>2 Metal/Victory<sup>TM</sup> series/Equilibrium<sup>®</sup>/Damon Q) were chosen (<i>n</i> = 35). The hardness of the brackets and enamel was measured using a microhardness tester. The study of the chemical composition of brackets was carried out on a single bracket per series. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector was used. Analysis of the chemical composition of metallic brackets was obtained with Oxford Instruments Ultim Max Aztec software. Metallic brackets’ hardness varied from 203 to 439 HV. A significant difference exists between Ti Equilibrium<sup>®</sup> brackets, the rest of the brackets and the enamel (<i>p</i>-value = 0.003). No significant difference was found between SS<sub>a</sub>(stainless-steel alloy), Co-Cr<sub>a</sub>(Cobalt-Chrome) brackets and the enamel. The chemical study confirms that the alloys used to produce metallic brackets validate all the data of the manufacturers except for Genius<sup>®</sup>2 Metal; according to this study, they are considered to be Co-Cr<sub>a</sub> alloys. The study of the composition of brackets made it possible to confirm manufacturers’ data. Genius<sup>®</sup>2 Metal brackets, Empower<sup>®</sup>2 and Victory<sup>TM</sup> series brackets filled the properties needed for orthodontic treatment. The hardness of metallic brackets is influenced by the alloy used and manufacturing method. Co-Cr<sub>a</sub> brackets with hardness comparable to enamel can be considered as an alternative to SS<sub>a</sub> brackets in patients allergic to nickel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:53:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59563dd706f44c7285a50223e07088ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6767 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:53:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dentistry Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-59563dd706f44c7285a50223e07088ea2023-11-19T10:11:54ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672023-08-0111920210.3390/dj11090202Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> StudyMarine Colmant0Paul Fawaz1Kenneth Stanton2Oisin MacMichael3Bart Vande Vannet4Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, FranceFaculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, FranceFaculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandFaculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, IrelandFaculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, FranceThe purpose of the study is to compare the hardness of different metallic brackets to enamel and to determine their chemical composition and microstructure. Five metallic brackets (0.022″ × 0.028″ inch) from seven orthodontic firms produced in different alloys (Discovery<sup>®</sup> Smart/Empower<sup>®</sup>/Genius<sup>®</sup>2 Metal/Victory<sup>TM</sup> series/Equilibrium<sup>®</sup>/Damon Q) were chosen (<i>n</i> = 35). The hardness of the brackets and enamel was measured using a microhardness tester. The study of the chemical composition of brackets was carried out on a single bracket per series. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector was used. Analysis of the chemical composition of metallic brackets was obtained with Oxford Instruments Ultim Max Aztec software. Metallic brackets’ hardness varied from 203 to 439 HV. A significant difference exists between Ti Equilibrium<sup>®</sup> brackets, the rest of the brackets and the enamel (<i>p</i>-value = 0.003). No significant difference was found between SS<sub>a</sub>(stainless-steel alloy), Co-Cr<sub>a</sub>(Cobalt-Chrome) brackets and the enamel. The chemical study confirms that the alloys used to produce metallic brackets validate all the data of the manufacturers except for Genius<sup>®</sup>2 Metal; according to this study, they are considered to be Co-Cr<sub>a</sub> alloys. The study of the composition of brackets made it possible to confirm manufacturers’ data. Genius<sup>®</sup>2 Metal brackets, Empower<sup>®</sup>2 and Victory<sup>TM</sup> series brackets filled the properties needed for orthodontic treatment. The hardness of metallic brackets is influenced by the alloy used and manufacturing method. Co-Cr<sub>a</sub> brackets with hardness comparable to enamel can be considered as an alternative to SS<sub>a</sub> brackets in patients allergic to nickel.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/9/202orthodontic bracketshardnesschemistryalloysenamel |
| spellingShingle | Marine Colmant Paul Fawaz Kenneth Stanton Oisin MacMichael Bart Vande Vannet Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study Dentistry Journal orthodontic brackets hardness chemistry alloys enamel |
| title | Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study |
| title_full | Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study |
| title_fullStr | Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study |
| title_short | Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Different Metallic Brackets: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study |
| title_sort | microhardness and chemical composition of different metallic brackets an i in vitro i study |
| topic | orthodontic brackets hardness chemistry alloys enamel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/9/202 |
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