Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of Change
Objective: The working mechanisms of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) remain understudied. Drawing on the theoretical model underlying CFT, we examined four putative working mechanisms – self-reassurance, self-criticism, positive/negative affect – in relation to changes in well-being and psychologic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02442/full |
| _version_ | 1818551937061093376 |
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| author | Marion Sommers-Spijkerman Hester Trompetter Karlein Schreurs Karlein Schreurs Ernst Bohlmeijer Ernst Bohlmeijer |
| author_facet | Marion Sommers-Spijkerman Hester Trompetter Karlein Schreurs Karlein Schreurs Ernst Bohlmeijer Ernst Bohlmeijer |
| author_sort | Marion Sommers-Spijkerman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: The working mechanisms of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) remain understudied. Drawing on the theoretical model underlying CFT, we examined four putative working mechanisms – self-reassurance, self-criticism, positive/negative affect – in relation to changes in well-being and psychological distress.Methods: Data of a waitlist randomised controlled trial (N = 242) investigating the effectiveness of a self-help CFT-intervention in a non-clinical sample were analysed. Using single and multiple mediation models, we assessed if changes in self-reassurance, self-criticism and positive/negative affect during the intervention (3-month interval) mediated changes in well-being and depressive/anxiety symptoms from baseline to follow-up (6-month interval) compared to the waitlist condition.Results: For each outcome, single analyses revealed that the effects of CFT were significantly mediated by self-reassurance and self-criticism. The mediating role of affect differed across outcomes. In combined models, self-reassurance emerged as a significant mediator for well-being and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, positive and negative affect were found significant mediators of the effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively.Conclusion: This study provides preliminary empirical evidence that CFT operates through cultivating self-reassurance, reducing self-criticism and regulating positive and negative affect in a non-clinical sample. To advance the development of CFT, further exploration of therapeutic change processes and their interplay is needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:06:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-595a17c92f334014b4112e0fe9b02408 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:06:31Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-595a17c92f334014b4112e0fe9b024082022-12-22T00:29:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782018-12-01910.3389/fpsyg.2018.02442317866Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of ChangeMarion Sommers-Spijkerman0Hester Trompetter1Karlein Schreurs2Karlein Schreurs3Ernst Bohlmeijer4Ernst Bohlmeijer5Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, NetherlandsCenter of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, NetherlandsCentre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, NetherlandsRoessingh Research and Development, Enschede, NetherlandsCentre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, NetherlandsOptentia Research Focus Area, North-West University (VTC), Vanderbijlpark, South AfricaObjective: The working mechanisms of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) remain understudied. Drawing on the theoretical model underlying CFT, we examined four putative working mechanisms – self-reassurance, self-criticism, positive/negative affect – in relation to changes in well-being and psychological distress.Methods: Data of a waitlist randomised controlled trial (N = 242) investigating the effectiveness of a self-help CFT-intervention in a non-clinical sample were analysed. Using single and multiple mediation models, we assessed if changes in self-reassurance, self-criticism and positive/negative affect during the intervention (3-month interval) mediated changes in well-being and depressive/anxiety symptoms from baseline to follow-up (6-month interval) compared to the waitlist condition.Results: For each outcome, single analyses revealed that the effects of CFT were significantly mediated by self-reassurance and self-criticism. The mediating role of affect differed across outcomes. In combined models, self-reassurance emerged as a significant mediator for well-being and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, positive and negative affect were found significant mediators of the effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively.Conclusion: This study provides preliminary empirical evidence that CFT operates through cultivating self-reassurance, reducing self-criticism and regulating positive and negative affect in a non-clinical sample. To advance the development of CFT, further exploration of therapeutic change processes and their interplay is needed.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02442/fullcompassion-focused therapymediatorsself-reassuranceself-criticismaffect |
| spellingShingle | Marion Sommers-Spijkerman Hester Trompetter Karlein Schreurs Karlein Schreurs Ernst Bohlmeijer Ernst Bohlmeijer Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of Change Frontiers in Psychology compassion-focused therapy mediators self-reassurance self-criticism affect |
| title | Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of Change |
| title_full | Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of Change |
| title_fullStr | Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of Change |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of Change |
| title_short | Pathways to Improving Mental Health in Compassion-Focused Therapy: Self-Reassurance, Self-Criticism and Affect as Mediators of Change |
| title_sort | pathways to improving mental health in compassion focused therapy self reassurance self criticism and affect as mediators of change |
| topic | compassion-focused therapy mediators self-reassurance self-criticism affect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02442/full |
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