Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy
Dietary lipids are pivotal in modulating metabolic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators characterizing metabolic inflammation, interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been consistently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate whether the quality of lipid intake impact...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1782 |
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| author | Domenico Sergi Juana Maria Sanz Stefano Lazzer Gloria Brombo Giovanni Zuliani Gianni Biolo Boštjan Šimunič Rado Pišot Edoardo Dalla Nora Angelina Passaro |
| author_facet | Domenico Sergi Juana Maria Sanz Stefano Lazzer Gloria Brombo Giovanni Zuliani Gianni Biolo Boštjan Šimunič Rado Pišot Edoardo Dalla Nora Angelina Passaro |
| author_sort | Domenico Sergi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dietary lipids are pivotal in modulating metabolic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators characterizing metabolic inflammation, interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been consistently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate whether the quality of lipid intake impacts upon IL-18 plasma levels and the implications on insulin resistance computed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using a cross-sectional design, this study confirmed that IL-18 correlated positively with insulin resistance and individuals with a HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 displayed higher circulating IL-18 levels compared with their insulin-sensitive counterparts. In terms of the effect of the quality of dietary lipids on IL-18 circulating levels, the ratio between monounsaturated, omega-3, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids as well as the intake of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids correlated negatively with IL-18. Despite this, IL-18 circulating levels, but not dietary fatty acid quality, predicted insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the ratio between omega 3 and saturated fatty acids was a predictor of IL-18 plasma levels. Thus, the downregulation of IL-18 may underpin, at least partially, the beneficial metabolic effects of substituting omega 3 for saturated fatty acids with this cytokine potentially representing a biomarker linking dietary lipids and metabolic outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:27:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-596f3459d0a64059aa17d3d49a07ffd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:27:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-596f3459d0a64059aa17d3d49a07ffd02023-11-17T17:21:58ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-04-01157178210.3390/nu15071782Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern ItalyDomenico Sergi0Juana Maria Sanz1Stefano Lazzer2Gloria Brombo3Giovanni Zuliani4Gianni Biolo5Boštjan Šimunič6Rado Pišot7Edoardo Dalla Nora8Angelina Passaro9Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, ItalyMedical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, I-34149 Trieste, ItalyInstitute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre of Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, SloveniaInstitute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre of Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, SloveniaMedical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, ItalyDietary lipids are pivotal in modulating metabolic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators characterizing metabolic inflammation, interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been consistently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate whether the quality of lipid intake impacts upon IL-18 plasma levels and the implications on insulin resistance computed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using a cross-sectional design, this study confirmed that IL-18 correlated positively with insulin resistance and individuals with a HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 displayed higher circulating IL-18 levels compared with their insulin-sensitive counterparts. In terms of the effect of the quality of dietary lipids on IL-18 circulating levels, the ratio between monounsaturated, omega-3, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids as well as the intake of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids correlated negatively with IL-18. Despite this, IL-18 circulating levels, but not dietary fatty acid quality, predicted insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the ratio between omega 3 and saturated fatty acids was a predictor of IL-18 plasma levels. Thus, the downregulation of IL-18 may underpin, at least partially, the beneficial metabolic effects of substituting omega 3 for saturated fatty acids with this cytokine potentially representing a biomarker linking dietary lipids and metabolic outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1782IL-18metabolic inflammationinsulin resistancesaturated fatty acidsmonounsaturated fatty acidsomega-3 fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Domenico Sergi Juana Maria Sanz Stefano Lazzer Gloria Brombo Giovanni Zuliani Gianni Biolo Boštjan Šimunič Rado Pišot Edoardo Dalla Nora Angelina Passaro Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy Nutrients IL-18 metabolic inflammation insulin resistance saturated fatty acids monounsaturated fatty acids omega-3 fatty acids |
| title | Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy |
| title_full | Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy |
| title_fullStr | Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy |
| title_short | Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy |
| title_sort | interleukin 18 is a potential biomarker linking dietary fatty acid quality and insulin resistance results from a cross sectional study in northern italy |
| topic | IL-18 metabolic inflammation insulin resistance saturated fatty acids monounsaturated fatty acids omega-3 fatty acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1782 |
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