Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022
Objectives: In Egypt, an integrated surveillance for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) was established in 2016 to identify the causes of ARIs. The surveillance system includes 19 governmental hospitals. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Health Organisation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Public Health in Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535223000046 |
| _version_ | 1827928269356269568 |
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| author | Manal Fahim Hanaa Abu ElSood Basma AbdElGawad Ola Deghedy Amel Naguib Wael H. Roshdy Shymaa Showky Reham Kamel Nancy Elguindy Mohammad Abdel Fattah Salma Afifi Amr Kandeel Khaled Abdelghaffar |
| author_facet | Manal Fahim Hanaa Abu ElSood Basma AbdElGawad Ola Deghedy Amel Naguib Wael H. Roshdy Shymaa Showky Reham Kamel Nancy Elguindy Mohammad Abdel Fattah Salma Afifi Amr Kandeel Khaled Abdelghaffar |
| author_sort | Manal Fahim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: In Egypt, an integrated surveillance for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) was established in 2016 to identify the causes of ARIs. The surveillance system includes 19 governmental hospitals. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Health Organisation (WHO) requested surveillance adaptation to address the emerging challenges. This study aims to describe the experience in Egypt of adapting ARI surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: WHO case definitions were used to identify patients with ARIs. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing. Demographic and clinical information were obtained by interviewing patients at the hospitals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the first two outpatients daily and every fifth admitted patient were enrolled in the study. To determine the status of ARIs in Egypt during the pandemic, patient demographic, clinical and laboratory data from 2020 to 2022 were obtained and descriptive analyses were performed. Results: Overall, 18,160 patients were enrolled in the study, including 7923 (43.6%) seen at outpatient clinics and 10,237 (56.4%) inpatients. Of the study participants, 6453 (35.5%) tested positive for ARIs, including 5620 (87.1%) for SARS-CoV-2, 781 (12.1%) for influenza and 52 (0.8%) for SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfection. SARS-CoV-2 was the cause for 95.3% of admitted patients and 65.4% of outpatients. Influenza subtypes included A/H3 (55.7%), Influenza-B (29.1%) and H1/pdm09 (14.2%). Compared with influenza, SARS-CoV-2 tended to infect the elderly, in warm weather and in urban governorates, and resulted in more hospitalisations, longer hospital stays and higher case fatalities (16.3% vs 6.6%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: ARI surveillance in Egypt was successfully adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic and effectively described the clinical characteristics and severity of circulating viruses. Surveillance reported the re-emergence of influenza with a severe course and high fatality. Surveillance is essential for monitoring the activity of respiratory viruses with the aim of guiding clinical management, including preventative and control measures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:06:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5980980ab6844c94936dcf3c830dd8b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:06:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Public Health in Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-5980980ab6844c94936dcf3c830dd8b02023-06-12T04:09:34ZengElsevierPublic Health in Practice2666-53522023-06-015100358Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022Manal Fahim0Hanaa Abu ElSood1Basma AbdElGawad2Ola Deghedy3Amel Naguib4Wael H. Roshdy5Shymaa Showky6Reham Kamel7Nancy Elguindy8Mohammad Abdel Fattah9Salma Afifi10Amr Kandeel11Khaled Abdelghaffar12Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt; Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt.Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, EgyptCentral Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, EgyptCentral Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptCentral Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, EgyptPreventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptMinistry of Health and Population Consultant, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptPreventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptMinistry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, EgyptObjectives: In Egypt, an integrated surveillance for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) was established in 2016 to identify the causes of ARIs. The surveillance system includes 19 governmental hospitals. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Health Organisation (WHO) requested surveillance adaptation to address the emerging challenges. This study aims to describe the experience in Egypt of adapting ARI surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: WHO case definitions were used to identify patients with ARIs. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing. Demographic and clinical information were obtained by interviewing patients at the hospitals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the first two outpatients daily and every fifth admitted patient were enrolled in the study. To determine the status of ARIs in Egypt during the pandemic, patient demographic, clinical and laboratory data from 2020 to 2022 were obtained and descriptive analyses were performed. Results: Overall, 18,160 patients were enrolled in the study, including 7923 (43.6%) seen at outpatient clinics and 10,237 (56.4%) inpatients. Of the study participants, 6453 (35.5%) tested positive for ARIs, including 5620 (87.1%) for SARS-CoV-2, 781 (12.1%) for influenza and 52 (0.8%) for SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfection. SARS-CoV-2 was the cause for 95.3% of admitted patients and 65.4% of outpatients. Influenza subtypes included A/H3 (55.7%), Influenza-B (29.1%) and H1/pdm09 (14.2%). Compared with influenza, SARS-CoV-2 tended to infect the elderly, in warm weather and in urban governorates, and resulted in more hospitalisations, longer hospital stays and higher case fatalities (16.3% vs 6.6%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: ARI surveillance in Egypt was successfully adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic and effectively described the clinical characteristics and severity of circulating viruses. Surveillance reported the re-emergence of influenza with a severe course and high fatality. Surveillance is essential for monitoring the activity of respiratory viruses with the aim of guiding clinical management, including preventative and control measures.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535223000046Acute respiratory diseasesCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Influenza virusesSentinel surveillanceEgypt |
| spellingShingle | Manal Fahim Hanaa Abu ElSood Basma AbdElGawad Ola Deghedy Amel Naguib Wael H. Roshdy Shymaa Showky Reham Kamel Nancy Elguindy Mohammad Abdel Fattah Salma Afifi Amr Kandeel Khaled Abdelghaffar Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022 Public Health in Practice Acute respiratory diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Influenza viruses Sentinel surveillance Egypt |
| title | Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022 |
| title_full | Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022 |
| title_fullStr | Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022 |
| title_short | Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022 |
| title_sort | adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the covid 19 pandemic requirements egypt 2020 2022 |
| topic | Acute respiratory diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Influenza viruses Sentinel surveillance Egypt |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535223000046 |
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