Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditions
Abstract Post‐COVID conditions, also known as post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC), refer to the persistence of symptoms in COVID‐19 long‐haulers. Various manifestations of post‐COVID conditions are general symptoms and/or manifestations of damage in multiple organs. Besides, SARS‐CoV‐2 can invo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-10-01
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| Series: | JGH Open |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12811 |
| _version_ | 1817985327563800576 |
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| author | Mohamad Norouzi Masir Milad Shirvaliloo |
| author_facet | Mohamad Norouzi Masir Milad Shirvaliloo |
| author_sort | Mohamad Norouzi Masir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Post‐COVID conditions, also known as post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC), refer to the persistence of symptoms in COVID‐19 long‐haulers. Various manifestations of post‐COVID conditions are general symptoms and/or manifestations of damage in multiple organs. Besides, SARS‐CoV‐2 can involve the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in sequelae such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distension, acid reflux, and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. Previous investigations point to SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into enterocytes enhances by the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Interestingly, ACE2 receptors are abundantly expressed in the gut, implying infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 might occur through this route as well as in the respiratory tract. According to mounting evidence, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA has been identified in fecal specimens of patients with COVID‐19 during and beyond the acute phase. In addition, studies have shown gut microbiome composition is altered in patients with PASC, hence, another putative mechanism linked to gastrointestinal symptoms is gut dysbiosis. The presence of the gut‐lung axis in COVID‐19 might have major implications for disease pathogenesis and treatment. This review discussed the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and pathophysiology underlying possible infection of the gut in patients with PASC. Also, SARS‐COV‐2 induced NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent inflammatory pathways are briefly addressed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:56:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5983a54940f243a58d43b65995958c0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2397-9070 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:56:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JGH Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-5983a54940f243a58d43b65995958c0a2022-12-22T02:23:53ZengWileyJGH Open2397-90702022-10-0161066767610.1002/jgh3.12811Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditionsMohamad Norouzi Masir0Milad Shirvaliloo1Student Research Committee School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord IranInfectious & Tropical Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz IranAbstract Post‐COVID conditions, also known as post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC), refer to the persistence of symptoms in COVID‐19 long‐haulers. Various manifestations of post‐COVID conditions are general symptoms and/or manifestations of damage in multiple organs. Besides, SARS‐CoV‐2 can involve the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in sequelae such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distension, acid reflux, and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. Previous investigations point to SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into enterocytes enhances by the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Interestingly, ACE2 receptors are abundantly expressed in the gut, implying infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 might occur through this route as well as in the respiratory tract. According to mounting evidence, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA has been identified in fecal specimens of patients with COVID‐19 during and beyond the acute phase. In addition, studies have shown gut microbiome composition is altered in patients with PASC, hence, another putative mechanism linked to gastrointestinal symptoms is gut dysbiosis. The presence of the gut‐lung axis in COVID‐19 might have major implications for disease pathogenesis and treatment. This review discussed the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and pathophysiology underlying possible infection of the gut in patients with PASC. Also, SARS‐COV‐2 induced NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent inflammatory pathways are briefly addressed.https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12811COVID‐19gastrointestinal sequelaegut dysbiosisgut microbiotagut‐lung axislong COVID |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad Norouzi Masir Milad Shirvaliloo Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditions JGH Open COVID‐19 gastrointestinal sequelae gut dysbiosis gut microbiota gut‐lung axis long COVID |
| title | Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditions |
| title_full | Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditions |
| title_fullStr | Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditions |
| title_short | Symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post‐COVID conditions |
| title_sort | symptomatology and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract in post covid conditions |
| topic | COVID‐19 gastrointestinal sequelae gut dysbiosis gut microbiota gut‐lung axis long COVID |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12811 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamadnorouzimasir symptomatologyandmicrobiologyofthegastrointestinaltractinpostcovidconditions AT miladshirvaliloo symptomatologyandmicrobiologyofthegastrointestinaltractinpostcovidconditions |