Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism
This study aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic potency of bee pollen and probiotic mixture on brain intoxication caused by propionic acid (PPA) in juvenile rats. Five groups of six animals each, were used: the control group only receiving phosphate-buffered saline; the bee pollen and pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Translational Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2022-0226 |
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| author | Alonazi Mona Ben Bacha Abir Al Suhaibani Anwar Almnaizel Ahmad T. Aloudah Hisham S. El-Ansary Afaf |
| author_facet | Alonazi Mona Ben Bacha Abir Al Suhaibani Anwar Almnaizel Ahmad T. Aloudah Hisham S. El-Ansary Afaf |
| author_sort | Alonazi Mona |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic potency of bee pollen and probiotic mixture on brain intoxication caused by propionic acid (PPA) in juvenile rats. Five groups of six animals each, were used: the control group only receiving phosphate-buffered saline; the bee pollen and probiotic-treated group receiving a combination of an equal quantity of bee pollen and probiotic (0.2 kg/kg body weight); the PPA group being treated for 3 days with an oral neurotoxic dose of PPA (0.25 kg/kg body weight); the protective and therapeutic groups receiving bee pollen and probiotic mixture treatment right before and after the neurotoxic dose of PPA, respectively. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were investigated to evaluate the neuroinflammatory responses in brain tissues from different animal groups. The much higher IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ, as pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.001), together with much lower IL-10, as anti-inflammatory cytokine (P < 0.001) compared to controls clearly demonstrated the neurotoxic effects of PPA. Interestingly, the mixture of bee pollen and probiotics was effective in alleviating PPA neurotoxic effects in both therapeutic and protective groups demonstrating highly significant changes in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels together with non-significant reduction in IL-6 levels compared to PPA-treated rats. Overall, our findings demonstrated a new approach to the beneficial use of psychobiotics presenting as bee pollen and probiotic combination in neuroinflammation through cytokine changes as a possible role of glial cells in gut–brain axis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:58:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5984509798264c19870cfef4dc4c40d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2081-6936 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:58:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-5984509798264c19870cfef4dc4c40d92022-12-22T03:33:57ZengDe GruyterTranslational Neuroscience2081-69362022-09-0113129230010.1515/tnsci-2022-0226Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autismAlonazi Mona0Ben Bacha Abir1Al Suhaibani Anwar2Almnaizel Ahmad T.3Aloudah Hisham S.4El-Ansary Afaf5Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaBiochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaBiochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaExperimental Surgery and Animal Laboratory, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaExperimental Surgery and Animal Laboratory, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCentral Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaThis study aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic potency of bee pollen and probiotic mixture on brain intoxication caused by propionic acid (PPA) in juvenile rats. Five groups of six animals each, were used: the control group only receiving phosphate-buffered saline; the bee pollen and probiotic-treated group receiving a combination of an equal quantity of bee pollen and probiotic (0.2 kg/kg body weight); the PPA group being treated for 3 days with an oral neurotoxic dose of PPA (0.25 kg/kg body weight); the protective and therapeutic groups receiving bee pollen and probiotic mixture treatment right before and after the neurotoxic dose of PPA, respectively. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were investigated to evaluate the neuroinflammatory responses in brain tissues from different animal groups. The much higher IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ, as pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.001), together with much lower IL-10, as anti-inflammatory cytokine (P < 0.001) compared to controls clearly demonstrated the neurotoxic effects of PPA. Interestingly, the mixture of bee pollen and probiotics was effective in alleviating PPA neurotoxic effects in both therapeutic and protective groups demonstrating highly significant changes in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels together with non-significant reduction in IL-6 levels compared to PPA-treated rats. Overall, our findings demonstrated a new approach to the beneficial use of psychobiotics presenting as bee pollen and probiotic combination in neuroinflammation through cytokine changes as a possible role of glial cells in gut–brain axis.https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2022-0226bee pollenprobioticneurotoxicautismcytokinespsychobiotics |
| spellingShingle | Alonazi Mona Ben Bacha Abir Al Suhaibani Anwar Almnaizel Ahmad T. Aloudah Hisham S. El-Ansary Afaf Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism Translational Neuroscience bee pollen probiotic neurotoxic autism cytokines psychobiotics |
| title | Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism |
| title_full | Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism |
| title_fullStr | Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism |
| title_short | Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism |
| title_sort | psychobiotics improve propionic acid induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats rodent model of autism |
| topic | bee pollen probiotic neurotoxic autism cytokines psychobiotics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2022-0226 |
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