Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease
Currently, atherosclerosis, which affects the vascular bed of all vital organs and tissues, is considered as a leading cause of death. Most commonly, atherosclerosis involves coronary and peripheral arteries, which results in acute (e.g., myocardial infarction, lower extremities ischemia) or chronic...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/735 |
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| author | Greg Hutchings Łukasz Kruszyna Mariusz J. Nawrocki Ewa Strauss Rut Bryl Julia Spaczyńska Bartłomiej Perek Marek Jemielity Paul Mozdziak Bartosz Kempisty Michał Nowicki Zbigniew Krasiński |
| author_facet | Greg Hutchings Łukasz Kruszyna Mariusz J. Nawrocki Ewa Strauss Rut Bryl Julia Spaczyńska Bartłomiej Perek Marek Jemielity Paul Mozdziak Bartosz Kempisty Michał Nowicki Zbigniew Krasiński |
| author_sort | Greg Hutchings |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, atherosclerosis, which affects the vascular bed of all vital organs and tissues, is considered as a leading cause of death. Most commonly, atherosclerosis involves coronary and peripheral arteries, which results in acute (e.g., myocardial infarction, lower extremities ischemia) or chronic (persistent ischemia leading to severe heart failure) consequences. All of them have a marked unfavorable impact on the quality of life and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in human populations. Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD, also defined as peripheral artery disease, PAD) refers to atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities, where partial or complete obstruction of peripheral arteries is observed. Decreased perfusion can result in ischemic pain, non-healing wounds, and ischemic ulcers, and significantly reduce the quality of life. However, the progressive atherosclerotic changes cause stimulation of tissue response processes, like vessel wall remodeling and neovascularization. These mechanisms of adapting the vascular network to pathological conditions seem to play a key role in reducing the impact of the changes limiting the flow of blood. Neovascularization as a response to ischemia induces sprouting and expansion of the endothelium to repair and grow the vessels of the circulatory system. Neovascularization consists of three different biological processes: vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Both molecular and environmental factors that may affect the process of development and growth of blood vessels were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the changes taking place during LEAD. It is important to consider the molecular mechanisms underpinning vessel growth. These mechanisms will also be examined in the context of diseases commonly affecting blood vessel function, or those treatable in part by manipulation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may be possible to induce the process of blood vessel development and growth to treat peripheral vascular disease and wound healing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. With regard to the repair processes taking place during diseases such as LEAD, prospective therapeutic methods have been described that could significantly improve the treatment of vessel diseases in the future. Summarizing, regenerative medicine holds the potential to transform the therapeutic methods in heart and vessel diseases treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:39:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5985b5fe8ffe4282acbdf42bc907894a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:39:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5985b5fe8ffe4282acbdf42bc907894a2023-11-21T18:37:39ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-05-0110573510.3390/antiox10050735Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery DiseaseGreg Hutchings0Łukasz Kruszyna1Mariusz J. Nawrocki2Ewa Strauss3Rut Bryl4Julia Spaczyńska5Bartłomiej Perek6Marek Jemielity7Paul Mozdziak8Bartosz Kempisty9Michał Nowicki10Zbigniew Krasiński11The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UKDepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-848 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-848 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, PolandPhysiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, PolandPrestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-848 Poznan, PolandCurrently, atherosclerosis, which affects the vascular bed of all vital organs and tissues, is considered as a leading cause of death. Most commonly, atherosclerosis involves coronary and peripheral arteries, which results in acute (e.g., myocardial infarction, lower extremities ischemia) or chronic (persistent ischemia leading to severe heart failure) consequences. All of them have a marked unfavorable impact on the quality of life and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in human populations. Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD, also defined as peripheral artery disease, PAD) refers to atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities, where partial or complete obstruction of peripheral arteries is observed. Decreased perfusion can result in ischemic pain, non-healing wounds, and ischemic ulcers, and significantly reduce the quality of life. However, the progressive atherosclerotic changes cause stimulation of tissue response processes, like vessel wall remodeling and neovascularization. These mechanisms of adapting the vascular network to pathological conditions seem to play a key role in reducing the impact of the changes limiting the flow of blood. Neovascularization as a response to ischemia induces sprouting and expansion of the endothelium to repair and grow the vessels of the circulatory system. Neovascularization consists of three different biological processes: vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Both molecular and environmental factors that may affect the process of development and growth of blood vessels were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the changes taking place during LEAD. It is important to consider the molecular mechanisms underpinning vessel growth. These mechanisms will also be examined in the context of diseases commonly affecting blood vessel function, or those treatable in part by manipulation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may be possible to induce the process of blood vessel development and growth to treat peripheral vascular disease and wound healing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. With regard to the repair processes taking place during diseases such as LEAD, prospective therapeutic methods have been described that could significantly improve the treatment of vessel diseases in the future. Summarizing, regenerative medicine holds the potential to transform the therapeutic methods in heart and vessel diseases treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/735peripheral arterial diseasesangiogenesisneovascularizationatherosclerosis |
| spellingShingle | Greg Hutchings Łukasz Kruszyna Mariusz J. Nawrocki Ewa Strauss Rut Bryl Julia Spaczyńska Bartłomiej Perek Marek Jemielity Paul Mozdziak Bartosz Kempisty Michał Nowicki Zbigniew Krasiński Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease Antioxidants peripheral arterial diseases angiogenesis neovascularization atherosclerosis |
| title | Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease |
| title_full | Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease |
| title_short | Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease |
| title_sort | molecular mechanisms associated with ros dependent angiogenesis in lower extremity artery disease |
| topic | peripheral arterial diseases angiogenesis neovascularization atherosclerosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/735 |
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