Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes
Conventional wet Ag/AgCl electrodes are widely used in electrocardiography, electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalography (EEG) and are considered the gold standard for biopotential measurements. However, these electrodes require substantial skin preparation, are single use, and cannot be used...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AIP Publishing LLC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | APL Bioengineering |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148101 |
| _version_ | 1797663130379091968 |
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| author | Nicolas Steenbergen Ivan Busha Alexis Morgan Collin Mattathil Arieh Levy Pinto Fotios Spyridakos Ivan Sokolovskiy Bogachan Tahirbegi Christopher Chapman Estelle Cuttaz Karina Litvinova Josef Goding Rylie Green |
| author_facet | Nicolas Steenbergen Ivan Busha Alexis Morgan Collin Mattathil Arieh Levy Pinto Fotios Spyridakos Ivan Sokolovskiy Bogachan Tahirbegi Christopher Chapman Estelle Cuttaz Karina Litvinova Josef Goding Rylie Green |
| author_sort | Nicolas Steenbergen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conventional wet Ag/AgCl electrodes are widely used in electrocardiography, electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalography (EEG) and are considered the gold standard for biopotential measurements. However, these electrodes require substantial skin preparation, are single use, and cannot be used for continuous monitoring (>24 h). For these reasons, dry electrodes are preferable during surface electromyography (sEMG) due to their convenience, durability, and longevity. Dry conductive elastomers (CEs) combine conductivity, flexibility, and stretchability. In this study, CEs combining poly(3,4-ehtylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in polyurethane are explored as dry, skin contacting EMG electrodes. This study compares these CE electrodes to commercial wet Ag/AgCl electrodes in five subjects, classifying four movements: open hand, fist, wrist extension, and wrist flexion. Classification accuracy is tested using a backpropagation artificial neural network. The control Ag/AgCl electrodes have a 98.7% classification accuracy, while the dry conductive elastomer electrodes have a classification accuracy of 99.5%. As a conclusion, PEDOT based dry CEs were shown to successfully function as on-skin electrodes for EMG recording, matching the performance of Ag/AgCl electrodes, while addressing the need for minimal skin prep, no gel, and wearable technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:10:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-598e3b19d4a54bdca7973fcbdfaf2ea0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2473-2877 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:10:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | APL Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-598e3b19d4a54bdca7973fcbdfaf2ea02023-10-09T20:09:14ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Bioengineering2473-28772023-09-0173036115036115-1210.1063/5.0148101Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodesNicolas Steenbergen0Ivan Busha1Alexis Morgan2Collin Mattathil3Arieh Levy Pinto4Fotios Spyridakos5Ivan Sokolovskiy6Bogachan Tahirbegi7Christopher Chapman8Estelle Cuttaz9Karina Litvinova10Josef Goding11Rylie Green12Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, United KingdomConventional wet Ag/AgCl electrodes are widely used in electrocardiography, electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalography (EEG) and are considered the gold standard for biopotential measurements. However, these electrodes require substantial skin preparation, are single use, and cannot be used for continuous monitoring (>24 h). For these reasons, dry electrodes are preferable during surface electromyography (sEMG) due to their convenience, durability, and longevity. Dry conductive elastomers (CEs) combine conductivity, flexibility, and stretchability. In this study, CEs combining poly(3,4-ehtylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in polyurethane are explored as dry, skin contacting EMG electrodes. This study compares these CE electrodes to commercial wet Ag/AgCl electrodes in five subjects, classifying four movements: open hand, fist, wrist extension, and wrist flexion. Classification accuracy is tested using a backpropagation artificial neural network. The control Ag/AgCl electrodes have a 98.7% classification accuracy, while the dry conductive elastomer electrodes have a classification accuracy of 99.5%. As a conclusion, PEDOT based dry CEs were shown to successfully function as on-skin electrodes for EMG recording, matching the performance of Ag/AgCl electrodes, while addressing the need for minimal skin prep, no gel, and wearable technology.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148101 |
| spellingShingle | Nicolas Steenbergen Ivan Busha Alexis Morgan Collin Mattathil Arieh Levy Pinto Fotios Spyridakos Ivan Sokolovskiy Bogachan Tahirbegi Christopher Chapman Estelle Cuttaz Karina Litvinova Josef Goding Rylie Green Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes APL Bioengineering |
| title | Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes |
| title_full | Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes |
| title_fullStr | Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes |
| title_short | Surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes |
| title_sort | surface electromyography using dry polymeric electrodes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148101 |
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