Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases
With total dependence on the host cell, several viruses have adopted strategies to modulate the host cellular environment, including the modulation of microRNA (miRNA) pathway through virus-encoded miRNAs. Several avian viruses, mostly herpesviruses, have been shown to encode a number of novel miRNA...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/3/1379 |
| _version_ | 1818131044151328768 |
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| author | Yongxiu Yao Venugopal Nair |
| author_facet | Yongxiu Yao Venugopal Nair |
| author_sort | Yongxiu Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With total dependence on the host cell, several viruses have adopted strategies to modulate the host cellular environment, including the modulation of microRNA (miRNA) pathway through virus-encoded miRNAs. Several avian viruses, mostly herpesviruses, have been shown to encode a number of novel miRNAs. These include the highly oncogenic Marek’s disease virus-1 (26 miRNAs), avirulent Marek’s disease virus-2 (36 miRNAs), herpesvirus of turkeys (28 miRNAs), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (10 miRNAs), duck enteritis virus (33 miRNAs) and avian leukosis virus (2 miRNAs). Despite the closer antigenic and phylogenetic relationship among some of the herpesviruses, miRNAs encoded by different viruses showed no sequence conservation, although locations of some of the miRNAs were conserved within the repeat regions of the genomes. However, some of the virus-encoded miRNAs showed significant sequence homology with host miRNAs demonstrating their ability to serve as functional orthologs. For example, mdv1-miR-M4-5p, a functional ortholog of gga-miR-155, is critical for the oncogenicity of Marek’s disease virus. Additionally, we also describe the potential association of the recently described avian leukosis virus subgroup J encoded E (XSR) miRNA in the induction of myeloid tumors in certain genetically-distinct chicken lines. In this review, we describe the advances in our understanding on the role of virus-encoded miRNAs in avian diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:14:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-599b0c0abbaa492ab4bb6ce43eea35b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:14:40Z |
| publishDate | 2014-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-599b0c0abbaa492ab4bb6ce43eea35b92022-12-22T01:14:48ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152014-03-01631379139410.3390/v6031379v6031379Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral DiseasesYongxiu Yao0Venugopal Nair1Avian Viral Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UKAvian Viral Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UKWith total dependence on the host cell, several viruses have adopted strategies to modulate the host cellular environment, including the modulation of microRNA (miRNA) pathway through virus-encoded miRNAs. Several avian viruses, mostly herpesviruses, have been shown to encode a number of novel miRNAs. These include the highly oncogenic Marek’s disease virus-1 (26 miRNAs), avirulent Marek’s disease virus-2 (36 miRNAs), herpesvirus of turkeys (28 miRNAs), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (10 miRNAs), duck enteritis virus (33 miRNAs) and avian leukosis virus (2 miRNAs). Despite the closer antigenic and phylogenetic relationship among some of the herpesviruses, miRNAs encoded by different viruses showed no sequence conservation, although locations of some of the miRNAs were conserved within the repeat regions of the genomes. However, some of the virus-encoded miRNAs showed significant sequence homology with host miRNAs demonstrating their ability to serve as functional orthologs. For example, mdv1-miR-M4-5p, a functional ortholog of gga-miR-155, is critical for the oncogenicity of Marek’s disease virus. Additionally, we also describe the potential association of the recently described avian leukosis virus subgroup J encoded E (XSR) miRNA in the induction of myeloid tumors in certain genetically-distinct chicken lines. In this review, we describe the advances in our understanding on the role of virus-encoded miRNAs in avian diseases.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/3/1379avian virusesMDVavian leukosis virusDEVILTVmicroRNAs |
| spellingShingle | Yongxiu Yao Venugopal Nair Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases Viruses avian viruses MDV avian leukosis virus DEV ILTV microRNAs |
| title | Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases |
| title_full | Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases |
| title_short | Role of Virus-Encoded microRNAs in Avian Viral Diseases |
| title_sort | role of virus encoded micrornas in avian viral diseases |
| topic | avian viruses MDV avian leukosis virus DEV ILTV microRNAs |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/3/1379 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongxiuyao roleofvirusencodedmicrornasinavianviraldiseases AT venugopalnair roleofvirusencodedmicrornasinavianviraldiseases |