Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices
Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers are regarded as one of the environmental contaminants in addition to the necessity for fossil sources for their production. Conversely, it is impossible to neglect the supply of nitrogen needed as one of the essential ingredients for plant function. For organic agri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2106 |
| _version_ | 1797492158140252160 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Ghorbani Petr Konvalina Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner Marek Kopecký Elnaz Amirahmadi Daniel Bucur Anna Walkiewicz |
| author_facet | Mohammad Ghorbani Petr Konvalina Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner Marek Kopecký Elnaz Amirahmadi Daniel Bucur Anna Walkiewicz |
| author_sort | Mohammad Ghorbani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers are regarded as one of the environmental contaminants in addition to the necessity for fossil sources for their production. Conversely, it is impossible to neglect the supply of nitrogen needed as one of the essential ingredients for plant function. For organic agriculture, it is crucial to use alternative fertilizer management to reduce the harmful impacts and production costs of chemical fertilizers. In a one-year pot experiment, nitrate (NO<sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub>) leaching and nitrogen efficiency of wheat were examined in relation to biochar (B) mixed with urea (U), legume residues (L), and azocompost (A), which represent chemical, green, and biological sources of N-fertilizers, respectively. Control (no biochar, no fertilizer), U (46 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), A (5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), L (5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), B (10 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), UB, AB, and LB were the experimental treatments. Grain yield of wheat was enhanced by 337% and 312% with UB and UL, respectively. The LB produced the highest grain N yield, with a rise of 8.8 times over the control. L had the highest N-use efficiency, with an increase of 149% over the control. The highest N-harvest index and N-recovery efficiency were obtained by using LB, with values of 91 and 70 %, respectively. Nitrate leaching occurred in the following order: U > Control ≥ A ≥ L > UB > AB ≥ LB > B. Nitrogen is retained for the plant in the extensive specific surface of biochar when N-fertilizers are used in conjunction with them. This not only improves N-efficiency but also minimizes nitrogen loss through leaching. Additionally, the soil can benefit from the addition of leguminous organic fertilizer in a similar way as to urea fertilizer in terms of increasing wheat grain yield, particularly when combined with biochar. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59a962bfdb2c435dbdc62b5314d374aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-59a962bfdb2c435dbdc62b5314d374aa2023-11-23T14:37:26ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-09-01129210610.3390/agronomy12092106Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency IndicesMohammad Ghorbani0Petr Konvalina1Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner2Marek Kopecký3Elnaz Amirahmadi4Daniel Bucur5Anna Walkiewicz6Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, AustriaDepartment of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaInstitute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, PolandChemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers are regarded as one of the environmental contaminants in addition to the necessity for fossil sources for their production. Conversely, it is impossible to neglect the supply of nitrogen needed as one of the essential ingredients for plant function. For organic agriculture, it is crucial to use alternative fertilizer management to reduce the harmful impacts and production costs of chemical fertilizers. In a one-year pot experiment, nitrate (NO<sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub>) leaching and nitrogen efficiency of wheat were examined in relation to biochar (B) mixed with urea (U), legume residues (L), and azocompost (A), which represent chemical, green, and biological sources of N-fertilizers, respectively. Control (no biochar, no fertilizer), U (46 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), A (5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), L (5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), B (10 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), UB, AB, and LB were the experimental treatments. Grain yield of wheat was enhanced by 337% and 312% with UB and UL, respectively. The LB produced the highest grain N yield, with a rise of 8.8 times over the control. L had the highest N-use efficiency, with an increase of 149% over the control. The highest N-harvest index and N-recovery efficiency were obtained by using LB, with values of 91 and 70 %, respectively. Nitrate leaching occurred in the following order: U > Control ≥ A ≥ L > UB > AB ≥ LB > B. Nitrogen is retained for the plant in the extensive specific surface of biochar when N-fertilizers are used in conjunction with them. This not only improves N-efficiency but also minimizes nitrogen loss through leaching. Additionally, the soil can benefit from the addition of leguminous organic fertilizer in a similar way as to urea fertilizer in terms of increasing wheat grain yield, particularly when combined with biochar.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2106sustainable agriculturegrain yieldresidual managementbread wheatnitrogen fertilization |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Ghorbani Petr Konvalina Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner Marek Kopecký Elnaz Amirahmadi Daniel Bucur Anna Walkiewicz Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices Agronomy sustainable agriculture grain yield residual management bread wheat nitrogen fertilization |
| title | Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices |
| title_full | Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices |
| title_fullStr | Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices |
| title_short | Interaction of Biochar with Chemical, Green and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices |
| title_sort | interaction of biochar with chemical green and biological nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen use efficiency indices |
| topic | sustainable agriculture grain yield residual management bread wheat nitrogen fertilization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2106 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadghorbani interactionofbiocharwithchemicalgreenandbiologicalnitrogenfertilizersonnitrogenuseefficiencyindices AT petrkonvalina interactionofbiocharwithchemicalgreenandbiologicalnitrogenfertilizersonnitrogenuseefficiencyindices AT reinhardwneugschwandtner interactionofbiocharwithchemicalgreenandbiologicalnitrogenfertilizersonnitrogenuseefficiencyindices AT marekkopecky interactionofbiocharwithchemicalgreenandbiologicalnitrogenfertilizersonnitrogenuseefficiencyindices AT elnazamirahmadi interactionofbiocharwithchemicalgreenandbiologicalnitrogenfertilizersonnitrogenuseefficiencyindices AT danielbucur interactionofbiocharwithchemicalgreenandbiologicalnitrogenfertilizersonnitrogenuseefficiencyindices AT annawalkiewicz interactionofbiocharwithchemicalgreenandbiologicalnitrogenfertilizersonnitrogenuseefficiencyindices |