The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis
A polysaccharides-based cell wall covers the plant cell, shaping it and protecting it from the harsh environment. Cellulose microfibrils constitute the cell wall backbone and are embedded in a matrix of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Various environmental and developmen...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.904714/full |
| _version_ | 1811310596243587072 |
|---|---|
| author | Ke Zhou |
| author_facet | Ke Zhou |
| author_sort | Ke Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A polysaccharides-based cell wall covers the plant cell, shaping it and protecting it from the harsh environment. Cellulose microfibrils constitute the cell wall backbone and are embedded in a matrix of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Various environmental and developmental cues can regulate the plant cell wall, and diverse glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins participate in these regulations. GPI is a common lipid modification on eukaryotic proteins, which covalently tethers the proteins to the membrane lipid bilayer. Catalyzed by a series of enzymic complexes, protein precursors are post-translationally modified at their hydrophobic carboxyl-terminus in the endomembrane system and anchored to the lipid bilayer through an oligosaccharidic GPI modification. Ultimately, mature proteins reach the plasma membrane via the secretory pathway facing toward the apoplast and cell wall in plants. In Arabidopsis, more than three hundred GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) have been predicted, and many are reported to be involved in diverse regulations of the cell wall. In this review, we summarize GPI-APs involved in cell wall regulation. GPI-APs are proposed to act as structural components of the cell wall, organize cellulose microfibrils at the cell surface, and during cell wall integrity signaling transduction. Besides regulating protein trafficking, the GPI modification is potentially governed by a GPI shedding system that cleaves and releases the GPI-anchored proteins from the plasma membrane into the cell wall. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:01:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59add4511efe4df2b88dd33202c3ac53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:01:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-59add4511efe4df2b88dd33202c3ac532022-12-22T02:51:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2022-08-011010.3389/fcell.2022.904714904714The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in ArabidopsisKe ZhouA polysaccharides-based cell wall covers the plant cell, shaping it and protecting it from the harsh environment. Cellulose microfibrils constitute the cell wall backbone and are embedded in a matrix of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Various environmental and developmental cues can regulate the plant cell wall, and diverse glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins participate in these regulations. GPI is a common lipid modification on eukaryotic proteins, which covalently tethers the proteins to the membrane lipid bilayer. Catalyzed by a series of enzymic complexes, protein precursors are post-translationally modified at their hydrophobic carboxyl-terminus in the endomembrane system and anchored to the lipid bilayer through an oligosaccharidic GPI modification. Ultimately, mature proteins reach the plasma membrane via the secretory pathway facing toward the apoplast and cell wall in plants. In Arabidopsis, more than three hundred GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) have been predicted, and many are reported to be involved in diverse regulations of the cell wall. In this review, we summarize GPI-APs involved in cell wall regulation. GPI-APs are proposed to act as structural components of the cell wall, organize cellulose microfibrils at the cell surface, and during cell wall integrity signaling transduction. Besides regulating protein trafficking, the GPI modification is potentially governed by a GPI shedding system that cleaves and releases the GPI-anchored proteins from the plasma membrane into the cell wall.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.904714/fullcell wallcellulosepectinglycosyl phosphatidylinositolGPI-anchored protein |
| spellingShingle | Ke Zhou The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology cell wall cellulose pectin glycosyl phosphatidylinositol GPI-anchored protein |
| title | The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | The regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | regulation of the cell wall by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins in arabidopsis |
| topic | cell wall cellulose pectin glycosyl phosphatidylinositol GPI-anchored protein |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.904714/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kezhou theregulationofthecellwallbyglycosylphosphatidylinositolanchoredproteinsinarabidopsis AT kezhou regulationofthecellwallbyglycosylphosphatidylinositolanchoredproteinsinarabidopsis |