Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newborns
Maternal and child malnutrition and anaemia remain the leading factors for health loss in India. Low birth weight (LBW) offspring of women suffering from chronic malnutrition and anaemia often exhibit insulin resistance and infantile stunting and wasting, together with increased risk of developing c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nutritional Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679021000835/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1811155984932929536 |
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| author | Prachi Pandit Sanjeev Galande François Iris |
| author_facet | Prachi Pandit Sanjeev Galande François Iris |
| author_sort | Prachi Pandit |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maternal and child malnutrition and anaemia remain the leading factors for health loss in India. Low birth weight (LBW) offspring of women suffering from chronic malnutrition and anaemia often exhibit insulin resistance and infantile stunting and wasting, together with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders in adulthood. The resulting self-perpetuating and highly multifactorial disease burden cannot be remedied through uniform dietary recommendations alone. To inform approaches likely to alleviate this disease burden, we implemented a systems-analytical approach that had already proven its efficacy in multiple published studies. We utilised previously published qualitative and quantitative analytical results of rural and urban field studies addressing maternal and infantile metabolic and nutritional parameters to precisely define the range of pathological phenotypes encountered and their individual biological characteristics. These characteristics were then integrated, via extensive literature searches, into metabolic and physiological mechanisms to identify the maternal and foetal metabolic dysregulations most likely to underpin the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in LBW infants and its associated pathological consequences. Our analyses reveal hitherto poorly understood maternal nutrition-dependent mechanisms most likely to promote and sustain the self-perpetuating high disease burden, especially in the Indian population. This work suggests that it most probably is the metabolic consequence of ‘ill-nutrition’ – the recent and rapid dietary shifts to high salt, high saturated fats and high sugar but low micronutrient diets – over an adaptation to ‘thrifty metabolism’ which must be addressed in interventions aiming to significantly alleviate the leading risk factors for health deterioration in India. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:42:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59bb4893c41245ffa9f8e7262b985278 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2048-6790 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:42:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nutritional Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-59bb4893c41245ffa9f8e7262b9852782023-03-09T12:38:45ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Nutritional Science2048-67902021-01-011010.1017/jns.2021.83Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newbornsPrachi Pandit0Sanjeev Galande1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-1905François Iris2Arbuza Regenerate Private Limited, Pune, IndiaArbuza Regenerate Private Limited, Pune, India Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi-NCR, IndiaArbuza Regenerate Private Limited, Pune, India BM-Systems Private Limited, Paris, FranceMaternal and child malnutrition and anaemia remain the leading factors for health loss in India. Low birth weight (LBW) offspring of women suffering from chronic malnutrition and anaemia often exhibit insulin resistance and infantile stunting and wasting, together with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders in adulthood. The resulting self-perpetuating and highly multifactorial disease burden cannot be remedied through uniform dietary recommendations alone. To inform approaches likely to alleviate this disease burden, we implemented a systems-analytical approach that had already proven its efficacy in multiple published studies. We utilised previously published qualitative and quantitative analytical results of rural and urban field studies addressing maternal and infantile metabolic and nutritional parameters to precisely define the range of pathological phenotypes encountered and their individual biological characteristics. These characteristics were then integrated, via extensive literature searches, into metabolic and physiological mechanisms to identify the maternal and foetal metabolic dysregulations most likely to underpin the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in LBW infants and its associated pathological consequences. Our analyses reveal hitherto poorly understood maternal nutrition-dependent mechanisms most likely to promote and sustain the self-perpetuating high disease burden, especially in the Indian population. This work suggests that it most probably is the metabolic consequence of ‘ill-nutrition’ – the recent and rapid dietary shifts to high salt, high saturated fats and high sugar but low micronutrient diets – over an adaptation to ‘thrifty metabolism’ which must be addressed in interventions aiming to significantly alleviate the leading risk factors for health deterioration in India.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679021000835/type/journal_articleAnaemiaLow birth weightMalnutritionPathological mechanismsPhysiological programming |
| spellingShingle | Prachi Pandit Sanjeev Galande François Iris Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newborns Journal of Nutritional Science Anaemia Low birth weight Malnutrition Pathological mechanisms Physiological programming |
| title | Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newborns |
| title_full | Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newborns |
| title_fullStr | Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newborns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newborns |
| title_short | Maternal malnutrition and anaemia in India: dysregulations leading to the ‘thin-fat’ phenotype in newborns |
| title_sort | maternal malnutrition and anaemia in india dysregulations leading to the thin fat phenotype in newborns |
| topic | Anaemia Low birth weight Malnutrition Pathological mechanisms Physiological programming |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679021000835/type/journal_article |
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