Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River
The effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants is a major point source of contamination in Canadian waterways. The improvement of effluent quality to reduce contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, before being released into the environment is necessary to reduce th...
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| Fformat: | Erthygl |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Cyfres: | Applied Sciences |
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| Mynediad Ar-lein: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/23/8364 |
| _version_ | 1827701529811877888 |
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| author | Rhiannon Hodgson Leslie Bragg Hadi A. Dhiyebi Mark R. Servos Paul M. Craig |
| author_facet | Rhiannon Hodgson Leslie Bragg Hadi A. Dhiyebi Mark R. Servos Paul M. Craig |
| author_sort | Rhiannon Hodgson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants is a major point source of contamination in Canadian waterways. The improvement of effluent quality to reduce contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, before being released into the environment is necessary to reduce the impacts on organisms that live in the river downstream. Here, we aimed to characterize the metabolic and gill physiological responses of rainbow (<i>Etheostoma caeruleum</i>), fantail (<i>Etheostoma flabellare</i>), and greenside (<i>Etheostoma blennioides</i>) darters to the effluent in the Grand River from the recently upgraded Waterloo municipal wastewater treatment plant. The routine metabolism of darters was not affected by effluent exposure, but some species had increased maximum metabolic rates, leading to an increased aerobic scope. The rainbow darter aerobic scope increased by 2.2 times and the fantail darter aerobic scope increased by 2.7 times compared to the reference site. Gill samples from effluent-exposed rainbow darters and greenside darters showed evidence of more pathologies and variations in morphology. These results suggest that darters can metabolically adjust to effluent-contaminated water and may also be adapting to the urban and agricultural inputs. The modification and damage to the gills provide a useful water quality indicator but does not necessarily reflect how well acclimated the species is to the environment due to a lack of evidence of poor fish health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:34:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59d26b97e3f04c24b66de0578a85ecc1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:34:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-59d26b97e3f04c24b66de0578a85ecc12023-11-20T22:14:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-11-011023836410.3390/app10238364Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand RiverRhiannon Hodgson0Leslie Bragg1Hadi A. Dhiyebi2Mark R. Servos3Paul M. Craig4Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaThe effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants is a major point source of contamination in Canadian waterways. The improvement of effluent quality to reduce contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, before being released into the environment is necessary to reduce the impacts on organisms that live in the river downstream. Here, we aimed to characterize the metabolic and gill physiological responses of rainbow (<i>Etheostoma caeruleum</i>), fantail (<i>Etheostoma flabellare</i>), and greenside (<i>Etheostoma blennioides</i>) darters to the effluent in the Grand River from the recently upgraded Waterloo municipal wastewater treatment plant. The routine metabolism of darters was not affected by effluent exposure, but some species had increased maximum metabolic rates, leading to an increased aerobic scope. The rainbow darter aerobic scope increased by 2.2 times and the fantail darter aerobic scope increased by 2.7 times compared to the reference site. Gill samples from effluent-exposed rainbow darters and greenside darters showed evidence of more pathologies and variations in morphology. These results suggest that darters can metabolically adjust to effluent-contaminated water and may also be adapting to the urban and agricultural inputs. The modification and damage to the gills provide a useful water quality indicator but does not necessarily reflect how well acclimated the species is to the environment due to a lack of evidence of poor fish health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/23/8364<i>Etheostoma</i> specieswastewater effluentfield metabolic rategill pathologyrespirometrypharmaceuticals |
| spellingShingle | Rhiannon Hodgson Leslie Bragg Hadi A. Dhiyebi Mark R. Servos Paul M. Craig Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River Applied Sciences <i>Etheostoma</i> species wastewater effluent field metabolic rate gill pathology respirometry pharmaceuticals |
| title | Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River |
| title_full | Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River |
| title_fullStr | Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River |
| title_short | Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (<i>Etheostoma</i> spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River |
| title_sort | impacts on metabolism and gill physiology of darter species i etheostoma i spp that are attributed to wastewater effluent in the grand river |
| topic | <i>Etheostoma</i> species wastewater effluent field metabolic rate gill pathology respirometry pharmaceuticals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/23/8364 |
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