An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping Approach
BackgroundStudies in Germany have shown that susceptible groups, such as people with a migration background, have poorer oral health than the majority of the population. Limited oral health literacy (OHL) appears to be an important factor that affects the oral health of these...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JMIR Publications
2023-05-01
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| Series: | JMIR Formative Research |
| Online Access: | https://formative.jmir.org/2023/1/e36815 |
| _version_ | 1797734162076008448 |
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| author | Marie-Theres Weil Kristin Spinler Berit Lieske Demet Dingoyan Carolin Walther Guido Heydecke Christopher Kofahl Ghazal Aarabi |
| author_facet | Marie-Theres Weil Kristin Spinler Berit Lieske Demet Dingoyan Carolin Walther Guido Heydecke Christopher Kofahl Ghazal Aarabi |
| author_sort | Marie-Theres Weil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
BackgroundStudies in Germany have shown that susceptible groups, such as people with a migration background, have poorer oral health than the majority of the population. Limited oral health literacy (OHL) appears to be an important factor that affects the oral health of these groups. To increase OHL and to promote prevention-oriented oral health behavior, we developed an evidence-based prevention program in the form of an app for smartphones or tablets, the Förderung der Mundgesundheitskompetenz und Mundgesundheit von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund (MuMi) app.
ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the development process of the MuMi app.
MethodsFor the description and analysis of the systematic development process of the MuMi app, we used the intervention mapping approach. The approach was implemented in 6 steps: needs assessment, formulation of intervention goals, selection of evidence-based methods and practical strategies for behavior change, planning and designing the intervention, planning the implementation and delivery of the intervention, and planning the evaluation.
ResultsOn the basis of our literature search, expert interviews, and a focus group with the target population, we identified limited knowledge of behavioral risk factors or proper oral hygiene procedures, limited proficiency of the German language, and differing health care socialization as the main barriers to good oral health. Afterward, we selected modifiable determinants of oral health behavior that were in line with behavior change theories. On this basis, performance objectives and change objectives for the relevant population at risk were formalized. Appropriate behavior change techniques to achieve the program objectives, such as the provision of health information, encouragement of self-control and self-monitoring, and sending reminders, were identified. Subsequently, these were translated into practical strategies, such as multiple-choice quizzes or videos. The resulting program, the MuMi app, is available in the Apple app store and Android app store. The effectiveness of the app was evaluated in the MuMi intervention study. The analyses showed that users of the MuMi app had a substantial increase in their OHL and improved oral hygiene (as measured by clinical parameters) after 6 months compared with the control group.
ConclusionsThe intervention mapping approach provided a transparent, structured, and evidence-based process for the development of our prevention program. It allowed us to identify the most appropriate and effective techniques to initiate behavior change in the target population. The MuMi app takes into account the cultural and specific determinants of people with a migration background in Germany. To our knowledge, it is the first evidence-based app that addresses OHL among people with a migration background. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:40:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59dae9caa17f4a3cb97810280033b04d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2561-326X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:40:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Formative Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-59dae9caa17f4a3cb97810280033b04d2023-08-28T23:53:46ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Formative Research2561-326X2023-05-017e3681510.2196/36815An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping ApproachMarie-Theres Weilhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-1152Kristin Spinlerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8642-8128Berit Lieskehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-2482Demet Dingoyanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-8650Carolin Waltherhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-5672Guido Heydeckehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-5283Christopher Kofahlhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-3077Ghazal Aarabihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5484-2594 BackgroundStudies in Germany have shown that susceptible groups, such as people with a migration background, have poorer oral health than the majority of the population. Limited oral health literacy (OHL) appears to be an important factor that affects the oral health of these groups. To increase OHL and to promote prevention-oriented oral health behavior, we developed an evidence-based prevention program in the form of an app for smartphones or tablets, the Förderung der Mundgesundheitskompetenz und Mundgesundheit von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund (MuMi) app. ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the development process of the MuMi app. MethodsFor the description and analysis of the systematic development process of the MuMi app, we used the intervention mapping approach. The approach was implemented in 6 steps: needs assessment, formulation of intervention goals, selection of evidence-based methods and practical strategies for behavior change, planning and designing the intervention, planning the implementation and delivery of the intervention, and planning the evaluation. ResultsOn the basis of our literature search, expert interviews, and a focus group with the target population, we identified limited knowledge of behavioral risk factors or proper oral hygiene procedures, limited proficiency of the German language, and differing health care socialization as the main barriers to good oral health. Afterward, we selected modifiable determinants of oral health behavior that were in line with behavior change theories. On this basis, performance objectives and change objectives for the relevant population at risk were formalized. Appropriate behavior change techniques to achieve the program objectives, such as the provision of health information, encouragement of self-control and self-monitoring, and sending reminders, were identified. Subsequently, these were translated into practical strategies, such as multiple-choice quizzes or videos. The resulting program, the MuMi app, is available in the Apple app store and Android app store. The effectiveness of the app was evaluated in the MuMi intervention study. The analyses showed that users of the MuMi app had a substantial increase in their OHL and improved oral hygiene (as measured by clinical parameters) after 6 months compared with the control group. ConclusionsThe intervention mapping approach provided a transparent, structured, and evidence-based process for the development of our prevention program. It allowed us to identify the most appropriate and effective techniques to initiate behavior change in the target population. The MuMi app takes into account the cultural and specific determinants of people with a migration background in Germany. To our knowledge, it is the first evidence-based app that addresses OHL among people with a migration background.https://formative.jmir.org/2023/1/e36815 |
| spellingShingle | Marie-Theres Weil Kristin Spinler Berit Lieske Demet Dingoyan Carolin Walther Guido Heydecke Christopher Kofahl Ghazal Aarabi An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping Approach JMIR Formative Research |
| title | An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping Approach |
| title_full | An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping Approach |
| title_fullStr | An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping Approach |
| title_short | An Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Program to Improve Oral Health Literacy of People With a Migration Background: Intervention Mapping Approach |
| title_sort | evidence based digital prevention program to improve oral health literacy of people with a migration background intervention mapping approach |
| url | https://formative.jmir.org/2023/1/e36815 |
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