Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas
<i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a new invasive pest beetle in China, which colonized the Shandong province, causing devastating damage. Originating in Europe, it has spread to Oceania, Asia, North and South America. Bacterial associates have been fre...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/1/12 |
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| author | Ying Gu Sixun Ge Jiale Li Lili Ren Chuanzhen Wang Youqing Luo |
| author_facet | Ying Gu Sixun Ge Jiale Li Lili Ren Chuanzhen Wang Youqing Luo |
| author_sort | Ying Gu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a new invasive pest beetle in China, which colonized the Shandong province, causing devastating damage. Originating in Europe, it has spread to Oceania, Asia, North and South America. Bacterial associates have been frequently reported to play a vital role in strengthening the ecological adaptations of bark and ambrosia beetles. The environmental adaptability of <i>H. ligniperda</i> may be supported by their associated bacteria. Bacterial communities colonizing different body parts of insects may have different functions. However, little is known about the bacteria associated with <i>H. ligniperda</i> and their potential involvement in facilitating the adaptation and invasion of the beetles into new environments. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial communities associated with male and female adults of <i>H. ligniperda</i> by comparing those colonizing the elytra, prothorax, and gut. Results showed that the bacterial communities of male and female adults were similar, and the elytra samples had the highest bacterial diversity and richness, followed by the gut, while the prothorax had the lowest. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota, while the dominant genera were <i>Serratia</i>, <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Rhodococcus</i>, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and <i>Gordonia</i>. Among these, <i>Rhodococcus</i> and <i>Gordonia</i> were the specific genera of endobacteria and ectobacteria, respectively. Differences in the distribution of associated bacteria may suggest that they have different ecological functions for <i>H. ligniperda.</i> The results of functional prediction showed that bacteria were enriched in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, degradation of aromatic compounds, limonene and pinene degradation, neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis, indicating that they may assist their beetles in synthesizing pheromones, degrading toxic secondary metabolites of host trees, and antagonizing pathogenic fungi. These results help us understand the interaction between <i>H. ligniperda</i> and bacteria and highlight possible contributions to the invasion process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:47:10Z |
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| id | doaj.art-59e21c8090d44bf7a3b9c4e9222d09e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:47:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-59e21c8090d44bf7a3b9c4e9222d09e62024-01-26T17:04:07ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-12-011511210.3390/insects15010012Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized AreasYing Gu0Sixun Ge1Jiale Li2Lili Ren3Chuanzhen Wang4Youqing Luo5Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaYantai Forest Resources Monitoring and Protection Service Center, Yantai 264000, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China<i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a new invasive pest beetle in China, which colonized the Shandong province, causing devastating damage. Originating in Europe, it has spread to Oceania, Asia, North and South America. Bacterial associates have been frequently reported to play a vital role in strengthening the ecological adaptations of bark and ambrosia beetles. The environmental adaptability of <i>H. ligniperda</i> may be supported by their associated bacteria. Bacterial communities colonizing different body parts of insects may have different functions. However, little is known about the bacteria associated with <i>H. ligniperda</i> and their potential involvement in facilitating the adaptation and invasion of the beetles into new environments. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial communities associated with male and female adults of <i>H. ligniperda</i> by comparing those colonizing the elytra, prothorax, and gut. Results showed that the bacterial communities of male and female adults were similar, and the elytra samples had the highest bacterial diversity and richness, followed by the gut, while the prothorax had the lowest. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota, while the dominant genera were <i>Serratia</i>, <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Rhodococcus</i>, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and <i>Gordonia</i>. Among these, <i>Rhodococcus</i> and <i>Gordonia</i> were the specific genera of endobacteria and ectobacteria, respectively. Differences in the distribution of associated bacteria may suggest that they have different ecological functions for <i>H. ligniperda.</i> The results of functional prediction showed that bacteria were enriched in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, degradation of aromatic compounds, limonene and pinene degradation, neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis, indicating that they may assist their beetles in synthesizing pheromones, degrading toxic secondary metabolites of host trees, and antagonizing pathogenic fungi. These results help us understand the interaction between <i>H. ligniperda</i> and bacteria and highlight possible contributions to the invasion process.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/1/12microbiotainvasionorgansbark beetle16S rRNA |
| spellingShingle | Ying Gu Sixun Ge Jiale Li Lili Ren Chuanzhen Wang Youqing Luo Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas Insects microbiota invasion organs bark beetle 16S rRNA |
| title | Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas |
| title_full | Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas |
| title_fullStr | Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas |
| title_short | Composition and Diversity of the Endobacteria and Ectobacteria of the Invasive Bark Beetle <i>Hylurgus ligniperda</i> (Fabricius) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Newly Colonized Areas |
| title_sort | composition and diversity of the endobacteria and ectobacteria of the invasive bark beetle i hylurgus ligniperda i fabricius curculionidae scolytinae in newly colonized areas |
| topic | microbiota invasion organs bark beetle 16S rRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/1/12 |
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