Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the amounts of land, water, energy in fuels, and wild fish for fishmeal and fish oil in feeds required per tonne of harvested, farmed shrimp in five countries producing most of the shrimp destined for the international market. Land use for whiteleg sh...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.23 |
| _version_ | 1811306371223650304 |
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| author | Claude E. Boyd Robert P. Davis Aaron A. McNevin |
| author_facet | Claude E. Boyd Robert P. Davis Aaron A. McNevin |
| author_sort | Claude E. Boyd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the amounts of land, water, energy in fuels, and wild fish for fishmeal and fish oil in feeds required per tonne of harvested, farmed shrimp in five countries producing most of the shrimp destined for the international market. Land use for whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei production differed slightly between Indonesia (0.37 ha/t shrimp) and the other four, major shrimp exporting countries – Ecuador, India, Thailand, and Vietnam (0.42–0.46 ha/t shrimp). Total water use was greater in Ecuador (76,800 m3/t) and Indonesia (55,000 m3/t) than in the other three countries (14,000–45,500 m3/t), but most water was saline. Freshwater use was mainly embodied in feed, did not differ among countries, and averaged 6.3% of total water use. Energy use ranged from 56.0 GJ/t (Ecuador) to 98.8 GJ/t (Thailand). All Asian countries had energy use above 75 GJ/t. Wild fish use for fishmeal and fish oil in feeds was greatest in Ecuador (0.891 t/t) and similar in Asian countries (0.612–0.670 t/t). In terms of edible crude protein, whiteleg shrimp was similar to broiler chickens, but more efficient than pigs and beef cattle in land and freshwater use, but greater in energy use than were the three terrestrial meat sources. Compared to L. vannamei, black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon required more land, a greater amount of water, but less energy per tonne of shrimp. Although comparatively small differences in average uses of these primary resources were found among countries, the large variation which was noted among farms in each country suggests that resource use could be improved considerably. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:43:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59e692b2a2404de2aa2868a6f86dee3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2693-8847 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:43:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries |
| spelling | doaj.art-59e692b2a2404de2aa2868a6f86dee3b2022-12-22T02:53:49ZengWileyAquaculture, Fish and Fisheries2693-88472021-12-011131510.1002/aff2.23Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and VietnamClaude E. Boyd0Robert P. Davis1Aaron A. McNevin2School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USASchool of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USAWorld Wildlife Fund Washington, D.C. USAAbstract The purpose of this study was to assess the amounts of land, water, energy in fuels, and wild fish for fishmeal and fish oil in feeds required per tonne of harvested, farmed shrimp in five countries producing most of the shrimp destined for the international market. Land use for whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei production differed slightly between Indonesia (0.37 ha/t shrimp) and the other four, major shrimp exporting countries – Ecuador, India, Thailand, and Vietnam (0.42–0.46 ha/t shrimp). Total water use was greater in Ecuador (76,800 m3/t) and Indonesia (55,000 m3/t) than in the other three countries (14,000–45,500 m3/t), but most water was saline. Freshwater use was mainly embodied in feed, did not differ among countries, and averaged 6.3% of total water use. Energy use ranged from 56.0 GJ/t (Ecuador) to 98.8 GJ/t (Thailand). All Asian countries had energy use above 75 GJ/t. Wild fish use for fishmeal and fish oil in feeds was greatest in Ecuador (0.891 t/t) and similar in Asian countries (0.612–0.670 t/t). In terms of edible crude protein, whiteleg shrimp was similar to broiler chickens, but more efficient than pigs and beef cattle in land and freshwater use, but greater in energy use than were the three terrestrial meat sources. Compared to L. vannamei, black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon required more land, a greater amount of water, but less energy per tonne of shrimp. Although comparatively small differences in average uses of these primary resources were found among countries, the large variation which was noted among farms in each country suggests that resource use could be improved considerably.https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.23environmental sustainabilityLitopenaeus vannameiresource use efficiencyshrimp farmingwild fish use |
| spellingShingle | Claude E. Boyd Robert P. Davis Aaron A. McNevin Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries environmental sustainability Litopenaeus vannamei resource use efficiency shrimp farming wild fish use |
| title | Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam |
| title_full | Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam |
| title_short | Comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam |
| title_sort | comparison of resource use for farmed shrimp in ecuador india indonesia thailand and vietnam |
| topic | environmental sustainability Litopenaeus vannamei resource use efficiency shrimp farming wild fish use |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.23 |
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