Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical Methods
The objective of this research was to analyze the morphology, crystallinity, elemental components, and functional group changes, as well as thermal stability of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Nanofibrillated cellulose has an irregular and aggregated shape with a diameter of about 100 nm. NFC self-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Indonesia
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Makara Journal of Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/science/article/view/6085/3919 |
| _version_ | 1811264145417306112 |
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| author | Achmad Solikhin Yusuf Sudo Hadi Muh Yusram Massijaya Siti Nikmatin |
| author_facet | Achmad Solikhin Yusuf Sudo Hadi Muh Yusram Massijaya Siti Nikmatin |
| author_sort | Achmad Solikhin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this research was to analyze the morphology, crystallinity, elemental components, and functional group changes, as well as thermal stability of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Nanofibrillated cellulose has an irregular and aggregated shape with a diameter of about 100 nm. NFC self-aggregations were observed due to hydrogen bonding and Van-der Waals forces. The cellulose crystallinity index, atomic size, and polymorph of the NFC sample were found to be 63.57%, 2.2 nm, and cellulose I, respectively. The NFC sample was composed of various elemental components, such as C, O, N, Na, Al, Si, and K. IR analysis showed only small amounts of hemicellulose and lignin deposits, whereas cellulose functional groups appeared in several wavenumbers. Aromatic and oxygenated compounds, such as
carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, and aldehydes, were deposited as extractive on NFC; these compounds were associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The NFC thermal degradation process consisted of four steps: water evaporation (50-90 ºC); hemicellulose degradation and glycosidic linkage cleavage (250-325 ºC); amorphous cellulose and lignin degradation (325-429.29 ºC); and cellulose crystalline degradation (above 429.29 ºC). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:57:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59ed82fe8c204c95bf465cb1222a4340 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2339-1995 2356-0851 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:57:35Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Indonesia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Makara Journal of Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-59ed82fe8c204c95bf465cb1222a43402022-12-22T03:18:37ZengUniversitas IndonesiaMakara Journal of Science2339-19952356-08512017-06-01212596810.7454/mss.v21i2.6085Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical MethodsAchmad Solikhin0Yusuf Sudo Hadi1Muh Yusram Massijaya2Siti Nikmatin3Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaThe objective of this research was to analyze the morphology, crystallinity, elemental components, and functional group changes, as well as thermal stability of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Nanofibrillated cellulose has an irregular and aggregated shape with a diameter of about 100 nm. NFC self-aggregations were observed due to hydrogen bonding and Van-der Waals forces. The cellulose crystallinity index, atomic size, and polymorph of the NFC sample were found to be 63.57%, 2.2 nm, and cellulose I, respectively. The NFC sample was composed of various elemental components, such as C, O, N, Na, Al, Si, and K. IR analysis showed only small amounts of hemicellulose and lignin deposits, whereas cellulose functional groups appeared in several wavenumbers. Aromatic and oxygenated compounds, such as carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, and aldehydes, were deposited as extractive on NFC; these compounds were associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The NFC thermal degradation process consisted of four steps: water evaporation (50-90 ºC); hemicellulose degradation and glycosidic linkage cleavage (250-325 ºC); amorphous cellulose and lignin degradation (325-429.29 ºC); and cellulose crystalline degradation (above 429.29 ºC).http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/science/article/view/6085/3919chemo-mechanical methodscrystallinityextractivesNanofibrillated cellulosethermal analysis |
| spellingShingle | Achmad Solikhin Yusuf Sudo Hadi Muh Yusram Massijaya Siti Nikmatin Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical Methods Makara Journal of Science chemo-mechanical methods crystallinity extractives Nanofibrillated cellulose thermal analysis |
| title | Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical Methods |
| title_full | Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical Methods |
| title_fullStr | Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical Methods |
| title_short | Morphological, Chemical, and Thermal Characteristics of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Isolated Using Chemo-mechanical Methods |
| title_sort | morphological chemical and thermal characteristics of nanofibrillated cellulose isolated using chemo mechanical methods |
| topic | chemo-mechanical methods crystallinity extractives Nanofibrillated cellulose thermal analysis |
| url | http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/science/article/view/6085/3919 |
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