Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises
(1) Background: The static body-weight wall-squat (SBWS) exercise is often included in the early rehabilitation stages of the lower limb. To establish its effectiveness and optimise its application, it is important to precisely quantify the muscle contribution to different versions of this exercise....
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/8/4037 |
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| author | Andrea Biscarini Cristina V. Dieni Raffaele Losavio Roberto Panichi Samuele Contemori |
| author_facet | Andrea Biscarini Cristina V. Dieni Raffaele Losavio Roberto Panichi Samuele Contemori |
| author_sort | Andrea Biscarini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: The static body-weight wall-squat (SBWS) exercise is often included in the early rehabilitation stages of the lower limb. To establish its effectiveness and optimise its application, it is important to precisely quantify the muscle contribution to different versions of this exercise. (2) Methods: We analysed the electromyographic activity of lower limb and lumbar muscles during the SBWS with knees flexed at 45° by manipulating three different variables: horizontal distance of the ankles from the wall; scapular or pelvic location of the centre of pressure C<sub>wall</sub> of the force exerted by the wall on the back; rearfoot or forefoot location of the centre of pressure C<sub>GR</sub> of the ground reaction force. (3) Results: The forefoot-to-rearfoot C<sub>GR</sub> shift significantly increased the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior activity up to 23%, 26%, and 44% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The lumbar muscle activity was maximised (23% MVIC) shifting C<sub>GR</sub> at the forefoot, C<sub>wall</sub> at the scapular zone, and placing the feet far from the wall. (4) Conclusions: These SBWS methods might be effective for quadriceps, tibialis anterior, and lumbar muscles strengthening in the early phase of rehabilitation intervention as soon as the patient can tolerate partial weight-bearing. The exercise appears suitable for patients with low back pain and limited lumbar muscle endurance, or quadriceps weakness and inhibition secondary to a knee injury. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:10:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59f8a82943934bee97b0ccd5870a1bb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:10:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-59f8a82943934bee97b0ccd5870a1bb12023-12-01T00:43:53ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-04-01128403710.3390/app12084037Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat ExercisesAndrea Biscarini0Cristina V. Dieni1Raffaele Losavio2Roberto Panichi3Samuele Contemori4Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USADepartment of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, ItalyCentre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4071, Australia(1) Background: The static body-weight wall-squat (SBWS) exercise is often included in the early rehabilitation stages of the lower limb. To establish its effectiveness and optimise its application, it is important to precisely quantify the muscle contribution to different versions of this exercise. (2) Methods: We analysed the electromyographic activity of lower limb and lumbar muscles during the SBWS with knees flexed at 45° by manipulating three different variables: horizontal distance of the ankles from the wall; scapular or pelvic location of the centre of pressure C<sub>wall</sub> of the force exerted by the wall on the back; rearfoot or forefoot location of the centre of pressure C<sub>GR</sub> of the ground reaction force. (3) Results: The forefoot-to-rearfoot C<sub>GR</sub> shift significantly increased the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior activity up to 23%, 26%, and 44% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The lumbar muscle activity was maximised (23% MVIC) shifting C<sub>GR</sub> at the forefoot, C<sub>wall</sub> at the scapular zone, and placing the feet far from the wall. (4) Conclusions: These SBWS methods might be effective for quadriceps, tibialis anterior, and lumbar muscles strengthening in the early phase of rehabilitation intervention as soon as the patient can tolerate partial weight-bearing. The exercise appears suitable for patients with low back pain and limited lumbar muscle endurance, or quadriceps weakness and inhibition secondary to a knee injury.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/8/4037electromyographybiomechanicsexerciserehabilitation |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Biscarini Cristina V. Dieni Raffaele Losavio Roberto Panichi Samuele Contemori Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises Applied Sciences electromyography biomechanics exercise rehabilitation |
| title | Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises |
| title_full | Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises |
| title_short | Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises |
| title_sort | effect of forefoot rearfoot and pelvic scapular weight shifts on lower limb and lumbar muscle activity during static wall squat exercises |
| topic | electromyography biomechanics exercise rehabilitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/8/4037 |
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