Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic Stroke
Background: Stroke is one of the largest problems and clinical-social challenges within neurology and, in general, pathology. Here, we briefly reviewed the main pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, which represent targets for medical interventions, including for a calf blood deproteiniz...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3181 |
| _version_ | 1797569193040674816 |
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| author | Florentina Carmen Firan Aurelia Romila Gelu Onose |
| author_facet | Florentina Carmen Firan Aurelia Romila Gelu Onose |
| author_sort | Florentina Carmen Firan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Stroke is one of the largest problems and clinical-social challenges within neurology and, in general, pathology. Here, we briefly reviewed the main pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, which represent targets for medical interventions, including for a calf blood deproteinized hemodialysate/ultrafiltrate. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of current related literature concerning the effects of Actovegin<sup>®</sup>, of mainly the pleiotropic type, applied to the injury pathways of ischemic stroke. Results: The bibliographic resources regarding the use of Actovegin<sup>®</sup> in ischemic stroke are scarce. The main Actovegin<sup>®</sup> actions refer to the ischemic stroke lesion items’ ensemble, targeting tissue oxidation, energy metabolism, and glucose availability through their augmentation, combating ischemic processes and oxidative stress, and decreasing inflammation (including with modulatory connotations, by the nuclear factor-κB pathway) and apoptosis-like processes, counteracting them by mitigating the caspase-3 activation induced by amyloid β-peptides. Conclusion: Since no available therapeutic agents are capable of curing the central nervous system’s lesions, any contribution, such as that of Actovegin<sup>®</sup> (with consideration of a positive balance between benefits and risks), is worthy of further study and periodic reappraisal, including investigation into further connected aspects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:07:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59f8c37035ae4534824de133897ad4f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:07:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-59f8c37035ae4534824de133897ad4f32023-11-19T23:09:28ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01219318110.3390/ijms21093181Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic StrokeFlorentina Carmen Firan0Aurelia Romila1Gelu Onose2The Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine & Balneology Clinic Division—The NeuroRehabilitation Compartment, Teaching Emergency Hospital of the Ilfov County, 22104 Bucharest, RomaniaMedical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, RomaniaPhysical and Rehabilitation MedicineDepartment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, RomaniaBackground: Stroke is one of the largest problems and clinical-social challenges within neurology and, in general, pathology. Here, we briefly reviewed the main pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, which represent targets for medical interventions, including for a calf blood deproteinized hemodialysate/ultrafiltrate. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of current related literature concerning the effects of Actovegin<sup>®</sup>, of mainly the pleiotropic type, applied to the injury pathways of ischemic stroke. Results: The bibliographic resources regarding the use of Actovegin<sup>®</sup> in ischemic stroke are scarce. The main Actovegin<sup>®</sup> actions refer to the ischemic stroke lesion items’ ensemble, targeting tissue oxidation, energy metabolism, and glucose availability through their augmentation, combating ischemic processes and oxidative stress, and decreasing inflammation (including with modulatory connotations, by the nuclear factor-κB pathway) and apoptosis-like processes, counteracting them by mitigating the caspase-3 activation induced by amyloid β-peptides. Conclusion: Since no available therapeutic agents are capable of curing the central nervous system’s lesions, any contribution, such as that of Actovegin<sup>®</sup> (with consideration of a positive balance between benefits and risks), is worthy of further study and periodic reappraisal, including investigation into further connected aspects.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3181ischemic strokepathophysiological/damage mechanismsendogenous defense activitypleiotropic actiondeproteinized ultrafiltrate/hemodialysate compoundActovegin<sup>®</sup> |
| spellingShingle | Florentina Carmen Firan Aurelia Romila Gelu Onose Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic Stroke International Journal of Molecular Sciences ischemic stroke pathophysiological/damage mechanisms endogenous defense activity pleiotropic action deproteinized ultrafiltrate/hemodialysate compound Actovegin<sup>®</sup> |
| title | Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic Stroke |
| title_full | Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic Stroke |
| title_fullStr | Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic Stroke |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic Stroke |
| title_short | Current Synthesis and Systematic Review of Main Effects of Calf Blood Deproteinized Medicine (Actovegin<sup>®</sup>) in Ischemic Stroke |
| title_sort | current synthesis and systematic review of main effects of calf blood deproteinized medicine actovegin sup r sup in ischemic stroke |
| topic | ischemic stroke pathophysiological/damage mechanisms endogenous defense activity pleiotropic action deproteinized ultrafiltrate/hemodialysate compound Actovegin<sup>®</sup> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3181 |
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