Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat Fields
The full understanding of variation and temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes in cropland may contribute to a reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the CO<sub>2</sub> exchange intensity...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/372 |
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| author | Robert Czubaszek Agnieszka Wysocka-Czubaszek |
| author_facet | Robert Czubaszek Agnieszka Wysocka-Czubaszek |
| author_sort | Robert Czubaszek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The full understanding of variation and temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes in cropland may contribute to a reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the CO<sub>2</sub> exchange intensity in the three most popular crops in Poland. The CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in summer maize, winter oilseed rape and winter wheat fields were measured using the eddy covariance system. The seasonal dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes for all studied crops varied from each other due to individual dynamics in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation of each species through the growing season. The weighted average values of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes calculated for the entire vegetation period were −22.22 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, −14.27 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and −11.95 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for maize, oilseed rape and wheat, respectively. All the studied agro-ecosystems were carbon sinks during the growing season. The highest negative values of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes (−36.31 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and −33.56 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) were observed in the maize field due to the high production of biomass. However, the maize field was also the most significant carbon source due to slow growth of plants at the beginning of the growing season, and due to leaving the field fallow after harvest until the next sowing. In these two periods, the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes ranged from 0.59 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to 3.72 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over wheat and oilseed rape fields was less intense, but more even throughout the growing season. In the wheat field, the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes ranged from −1.70 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to −23.49 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and in the oilseed rape field they ranged from −1.40 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to −22.08 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the catch crop in the oilseed rape field contributed to the intensive absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> after harvesting the main crop. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-59fc5ee9fc5f44bb98fc2e93cf80fcaf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-59fc5ee9fc5f44bb98fc2e93cf80fcaf2023-11-16T19:03:56ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-02-0114237210.3390/atmos14020372Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat FieldsRobert Czubaszek0Agnieszka Wysocka-Czubaszek1Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Str., 15-351 Bialystok, PolandFaculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Str., 15-351 Bialystok, PolandThe full understanding of variation and temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes in cropland may contribute to a reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the CO<sub>2</sub> exchange intensity in the three most popular crops in Poland. The CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in summer maize, winter oilseed rape and winter wheat fields were measured using the eddy covariance system. The seasonal dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes for all studied crops varied from each other due to individual dynamics in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation of each species through the growing season. The weighted average values of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes calculated for the entire vegetation period were −22.22 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, −14.27 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and −11.95 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for maize, oilseed rape and wheat, respectively. All the studied agro-ecosystems were carbon sinks during the growing season. The highest negative values of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes (−36.31 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and −33.56 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) were observed in the maize field due to the high production of biomass. However, the maize field was also the most significant carbon source due to slow growth of plants at the beginning of the growing season, and due to leaving the field fallow after harvest until the next sowing. In these two periods, the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes ranged from 0.59 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to 3.72 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over wheat and oilseed rape fields was less intense, but more even throughout the growing season. In the wheat field, the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes ranged from −1.70 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to −23.49 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and in the oilseed rape field they ranged from −1.40 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> to −22.08 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the catch crop in the oilseed rape field contributed to the intensive absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> after harvesting the main crop.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/372CO<sub>2</sub> fluxeseddy covarianceplant development stagemaize fieldwinter oilseed rape fieldwinter wheat field |
| spellingShingle | Robert Czubaszek Agnieszka Wysocka-Czubaszek Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat Fields Atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes eddy covariance plant development stage maize field winter oilseed rape field winter wheat field |
| title | Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat Fields |
| title_full | Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat Fields |
| title_fullStr | Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat Fields |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat Fields |
| title_short | Temporal Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes Measured with Eddy Covariance System in Maize, Winter Oilseed Rape and Winter Wheat Fields |
| title_sort | temporal dynamics of co sub 2 sub fluxes measured with eddy covariance system in maize winter oilseed rape and winter wheat fields |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes eddy covariance plant development stage maize field winter oilseed rape field winter wheat field |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/372 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertczubaszek temporaldynamicsofcosub2subfluxesmeasuredwitheddycovariancesysteminmaizewinteroilseedrapeandwinterwheatfields AT agnieszkawysockaczubaszek temporaldynamicsofcosub2subfluxesmeasuredwitheddycovariancesysteminmaizewinteroilseedrapeandwinterwheatfields |