Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk
Abstract Background Increased physical activity (PA), reduced time spent sedentary (SED), healthier diet and reduced body weight may all have a positive impact on cardiometabolic risk. The relative importance of change in each of these variables on cardiometabolic risk, however, is unclear. We there...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01237-1 |
| _version_ | 1819008593289019392 |
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| author | Eivind Andersen Hidde P. van der Ploeg Willem van Mechelen Cindy M. Gray Nanette Mutrie Femke van Nassau Judith G. M. Jelsma Annie S. Anderson Marlene N. Silva Hugo V. Pereira Alex McConnachie Naveed Sattar Marit Sørensen Øystein B. Røynesdal Kate Hunt Glyn C. Roberts Sally Wyke Jason M. R. Gill |
| author_facet | Eivind Andersen Hidde P. van der Ploeg Willem van Mechelen Cindy M. Gray Nanette Mutrie Femke van Nassau Judith G. M. Jelsma Annie S. Anderson Marlene N. Silva Hugo V. Pereira Alex McConnachie Naveed Sattar Marit Sørensen Øystein B. Røynesdal Kate Hunt Glyn C. Roberts Sally Wyke Jason M. R. Gill |
| author_sort | Eivind Andersen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Increased physical activity (PA), reduced time spent sedentary (SED), healthier diet and reduced body weight may all have a positive impact on cardiometabolic risk. The relative importance of change in each of these variables on cardiometabolic risk, however, is unclear. We therefore sought to investigate the relative contributions of changes in PA, SED, diet and body weight on cardiometabolic risk. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data collected from the EuroFIT randomised controlled trial, which was a 12-week group-based lifestyle intervention for overweight middle-aged men delivered by coaches in football club stadia aiming to improve PA, SED, diet, and body weight. PA and SED were assessed by accelerometry, diet using the Dietary Instrument for Nutrition Education (DINE). An overall cardiometabolic risk score was derived from combining z-scores for glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipids and blood pressure. In total, 707 men (from the overall cohort of 1113) with complete data for these variables at baseline and 12-month follow-up were included in the multivariable linear regression analyses. Results In multivariable analyses, change in number of steps (explaining 5.1% of R2) and dietary factors (less alcohol, fatty and sugary food, and more fruit and vegetables) (together explaining 4.5% of R2), but not changes in standing time or SED, were significantly associated with change in body weight. Changes in number of steps (R2 = 1.7%), fatty food score (R2 = 2.4%), and sugary food score (R2 = 0.4%) were significantly associated with change in cardiometabolic risk score in univariable models. However, in multivariable models which included changes in weight as well as changes in steps and dietary variables, change in weight explained a substantially larger proportion of the change in cardiometabolic risk score, explaining 14.1% of R2 (out of an overall model R2 of 19.0%). When baseline (as well as change) values were also included in the model, 38.8% of R2 for change in cardiometabolic risk score was explained overall, with 14.1% of R2 still explained by change in weight. Conclusion Change in body weight, together with baseline cardiometabolic risk explained most of the change in cardiometabolic risk. Thus, the benefits of increasing physical activity and improving diet on cardiometabolic risk appear to act largely via an effect on changes in body weight. Trial registration International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials, ISRCTN-81935608. Registered 06052015. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN81935608?q=&filters=recruitmentCountry:Portugal&sort=&offset=7&totalResults=92&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:42:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a0928bea4db4fa6b977e82e245d61a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1479-5868 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:42:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a0928bea4db4fa6b977e82e245d61a52022-12-21T19:21:37ZengBMCInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity1479-58682021-12-0118111310.1186/s12966-021-01237-1Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic riskEivind Andersen0Hidde P. van der Ploeg1Willem van Mechelen2Cindy M. Gray3Nanette Mutrie4Femke van Nassau5Judith G. M. Jelsma6Annie S. Anderson7Marlene N. Silva8Hugo V. Pereira9Alex McConnachie10Naveed Sattar11Marit Sørensen12Øystein B. Røynesdal13Kate Hunt14Glyn C. Roberts15Sally Wyke16Jason M. R. Gill17Institute for Sport and Social Science, Norwegian School of Sport ScienceAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research instituteInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Social Sciences, University of GlasgowPhysical Activity for Health Research Centre, the University of EdinburghAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research instituteCentre for Public Health Nutrition Research, University of DundeeCIDEFES, Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade LusófonaCIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de LisboaRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of GlasgowInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowInstitute for Sport and Social Science, Norwegian School of Sport ScienceInstitute for Sport and Social Science, Norwegian School of Sport ScienceInstitute for Social Marketing and Health, University of StirlingInstitute for Sport and Social Science, Norwegian School of Sport ScienceInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Social Sciences, University of GlasgowInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowAbstract Background Increased physical activity (PA), reduced time spent sedentary (SED), healthier diet and reduced body weight may all have a positive impact on cardiometabolic risk. The relative importance of change in each of these variables on cardiometabolic risk, however, is unclear. We therefore sought to investigate the relative contributions of changes in PA, SED, diet and body weight on cardiometabolic risk. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data collected from the EuroFIT randomised controlled trial, which was a 12-week group-based lifestyle intervention for overweight middle-aged men delivered by coaches in football club stadia aiming to improve PA, SED, diet, and body weight. PA and SED were assessed by accelerometry, diet using the Dietary Instrument for Nutrition Education (DINE). An overall cardiometabolic risk score was derived from combining z-scores for glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipids and blood pressure. In total, 707 men (from the overall cohort of 1113) with complete data for these variables at baseline and 12-month follow-up were included in the multivariable linear regression analyses. Results In multivariable analyses, change in number of steps (explaining 5.1% of R2) and dietary factors (less alcohol, fatty and sugary food, and more fruit and vegetables) (together explaining 4.5% of R2), but not changes in standing time or SED, were significantly associated with change in body weight. Changes in number of steps (R2 = 1.7%), fatty food score (R2 = 2.4%), and sugary food score (R2 = 0.4%) were significantly associated with change in cardiometabolic risk score in univariable models. However, in multivariable models which included changes in weight as well as changes in steps and dietary variables, change in weight explained a substantially larger proportion of the change in cardiometabolic risk score, explaining 14.1% of R2 (out of an overall model R2 of 19.0%). When baseline (as well as change) values were also included in the model, 38.8% of R2 for change in cardiometabolic risk score was explained overall, with 14.1% of R2 still explained by change in weight. Conclusion Change in body weight, together with baseline cardiometabolic risk explained most of the change in cardiometabolic risk. Thus, the benefits of increasing physical activity and improving diet on cardiometabolic risk appear to act largely via an effect on changes in body weight. Trial registration International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials, ISRCTN-81935608. Registered 06052015. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN81935608?q=&filters=recruitmentCountry:Portugal&sort=&offset=7&totalResults=92&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-searchhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01237-1Cardiovascular healthphysical activitysedentary timebody weight |
| spellingShingle | Eivind Andersen Hidde P. van der Ploeg Willem van Mechelen Cindy M. Gray Nanette Mutrie Femke van Nassau Judith G. M. Jelsma Annie S. Anderson Marlene N. Silva Hugo V. Pereira Alex McConnachie Naveed Sattar Marit Sørensen Øystein B. Røynesdal Kate Hunt Glyn C. Roberts Sally Wyke Jason M. R. Gill Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Cardiovascular health physical activity sedentary time body weight |
| title | Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk |
| title_full | Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk |
| title_fullStr | Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk |
| title_short | Contributions of changes in physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk |
| title_sort | contributions of changes in physical activity sedentary time diet and body weight to changes in cardiometabolic risk |
| topic | Cardiovascular health physical activity sedentary time body weight |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01237-1 |
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