Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
Aquaculture is becoming a strategic sector for many national economies to supply the increasing demand for fish from consumers. Fish culture conditions and processing operations can lead to an increase in microbial contamination of farmed fish that may shorten the shelf-life of fish products and byp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/20/3718 |
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| author | Salud María Serrano Heredia Javier Sánchez-Martín Verónica Romero Gil Francisco Noé Arroyo-López Antonio Benítez-Cabello Elena Carrasco Jiménez Antonio Valero Díaz |
| author_facet | Salud María Serrano Heredia Javier Sánchez-Martín Verónica Romero Gil Francisco Noé Arroyo-López Antonio Benítez-Cabello Elena Carrasco Jiménez Antonio Valero Díaz |
| author_sort | Salud María Serrano Heredia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aquaculture is becoming a strategic sector for many national economies to supply the increasing demand for fish from consumers. Fish culture conditions and processing operations can lead to an increase in microbial contamination of farmed fish that may shorten the shelf-life of fish products and byproducts, and ready-to-eat fishery products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary status of water, environment, and processing of fresh-farmed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) fillets produced in a local fish farm in Andalusia, Spain. To achieve this, a longitudinal study was carried out by collecting environmental (air and food-contact surfaces), water from fish ponds, and rainbow trout samples. Thereby, seven sampling visits were performed between February 2021 and July 2022, where foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, together with physicochemical parameters, were analysed in the collected samples. Further, microbial identification of microbiota was achieved through a culture-dependent technique using blast analysis of 16S RNA gene sequencing. The results showed that <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> were not detected in the analysed samples. Regarding the hygienic-sanitary status of the fish farm, the slaughtering bath, the eviscerating machine and the outlet water from fish ponds presented the highest counts of coliforms, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, and Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and sulphite-reducing <i>Clostridium</i> were identified in the conveyor belts, fish flesh, and viscera. The 16S RNA identification confirmed the presence of viable spoilage bacteria such as <i>Citrobacter gillenii</i>, <i>Macrococcus caseolyticus</i>, <i>Hafnia paralvei</i>, <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>, <i>Lactococcus cremoris</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Morganella morganii</i>, and <i>Shewanella</i>. Three of these genera (<i>Citrobacter</i>, <i>Hafnia</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>) were present in all types of samples analysed. The results evidenced potential transmission of microbial contamination from contaminated packaging belts and boxes, evisceration and filleting machines to flesh and viscera samples, thus the establishment of control measures should be implemented in fish farm facilities to extend the shelf-life of farmed fishery products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:15:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a11c5fc59c748e48d8e41954dbba56e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:15:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a11c5fc59c748e48d8e41954dbba56e2023-11-19T16:28:45ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-10-011220371810.3390/foods12203718Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)Salud María Serrano Heredia0Javier Sánchez-Martín1Verónica Romero Gil2Francisco Noé Arroyo-López3Antonio Benítez-Cabello4Elena Carrasco Jiménez5Antonio Valero Díaz6Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, SpainFood Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), C\Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, 41013 Seville, SpainFood Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), C\Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, 41013 Seville, SpainDepartment of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, SpainAquaculture is becoming a strategic sector for many national economies to supply the increasing demand for fish from consumers. Fish culture conditions and processing operations can lead to an increase in microbial contamination of farmed fish that may shorten the shelf-life of fish products and byproducts, and ready-to-eat fishery products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary status of water, environment, and processing of fresh-farmed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) fillets produced in a local fish farm in Andalusia, Spain. To achieve this, a longitudinal study was carried out by collecting environmental (air and food-contact surfaces), water from fish ponds, and rainbow trout samples. Thereby, seven sampling visits were performed between February 2021 and July 2022, where foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, together with physicochemical parameters, were analysed in the collected samples. Further, microbial identification of microbiota was achieved through a culture-dependent technique using blast analysis of 16S RNA gene sequencing. The results showed that <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> were not detected in the analysed samples. Regarding the hygienic-sanitary status of the fish farm, the slaughtering bath, the eviscerating machine and the outlet water from fish ponds presented the highest counts of coliforms, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, and Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and sulphite-reducing <i>Clostridium</i> were identified in the conveyor belts, fish flesh, and viscera. The 16S RNA identification confirmed the presence of viable spoilage bacteria such as <i>Citrobacter gillenii</i>, <i>Macrococcus caseolyticus</i>, <i>Hafnia paralvei</i>, <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>, <i>Lactococcus cremoris</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Morganella morganii</i>, and <i>Shewanella</i>. Three of these genera (<i>Citrobacter</i>, <i>Hafnia</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>) were present in all types of samples analysed. The results evidenced potential transmission of microbial contamination from contaminated packaging belts and boxes, evisceration and filleting machines to flesh and viscera samples, thus the establishment of control measures should be implemented in fish farm facilities to extend the shelf-life of farmed fishery products.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/20/3718spoilage microorganismsfish farmfood contact surfaceswaterenvironmentviscera |
| spellingShingle | Salud María Serrano Heredia Javier Sánchez-Martín Verónica Romero Gil Francisco Noé Arroyo-López Antonio Benítez-Cabello Elena Carrasco Jiménez Antonio Valero Díaz Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Foods spoilage microorganisms fish farm food contact surfaces water environment viscera |
| title | Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_full | Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_short | Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) |
| title_sort | tracking microbial diversity and hygienic sanitary status during processing of farmed rainbow trout i oncorhynchus mykiss i |
| topic | spoilage microorganisms fish farm food contact surfaces water environment viscera |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/20/3718 |
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