Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats
Goat milk is essential for the initial development of kids by providing a great source of commensal bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the microbiota of the milk of 30 healthy Saanen dairy goats. The 30 samples comprised 15 colostrum and 15 mature milk samples, collected from three different farms...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1955 |
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| author | Zhannur Niyazbekova Xiao-Ting Yao Ming-Jie Liu Nomin Bold Juan-Zhen Tong Jian-Jun Chang Ying Wen Li Li Yong Wang De-Kun Chen Wen-Tao Ma |
| author_facet | Zhannur Niyazbekova Xiao-Ting Yao Ming-Jie Liu Nomin Bold Juan-Zhen Tong Jian-Jun Chang Ying Wen Li Li Yong Wang De-Kun Chen Wen-Tao Ma |
| author_sort | Zhannur Niyazbekova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Goat milk is essential for the initial development of kids by providing a great source of commensal bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the microbiota of the milk of 30 healthy Saanen dairy goats. The 30 samples comprised 15 colostrum and 15 mature milk samples, collected from three different farms of Shaanxi Province. Colostrum samples were collected daily for five days post-delivery and mature milk was collected on the 7th, 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th days. The result showed that microbial alpha diversity was higher in the mature milk compared with that in the colostrum. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was performed to detect differentially abundant taxa in colostrum and goat milk. According to taxonomy results, <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> were the predominant bacteria phyla in both colostrum and mature milk. In addition, lactation stage noticeably influenced the composition of milk microbiota. Specifically, <i>Novosphingobium</i>, <i>Brachybacterium</i>, <i>Psychrobacter</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Yersinia</i>, <i>Roseateles</i>, <i>Rothia</i>, <i>Sanguibacter</i>, <i>Cloacibacterium</i>, <i>Variovorax</i>, <i>Sphingobacterium</i>, and <i>Coxiella</i> were enriched in the colostrum, while <i>Georgenia</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcus</i>, <i>Bacteroidales</i>, <i>Yaniella</i>, <i>Planomicrobium</i>, <i>Cloacibacterium</i>, <i>Azospirillum</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, <i>Cupriavidus</i>, <i>Herbaspirillum</i>, <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i>, and <i>Aeromonadales</i> were the dominant genera in the mature milk. The enriched metabolic functions of the goat milk microbiota were predicted by PICRUSt and classified by KEGG pathway. Moreover, the abundances of environmental information processing, cellular processes pathway, genetic information processing pathway, organismal systems pathway, and metabolism pathway were significantly different between microbiota of colostrum and mature milk. Altogether, our study disclosed the significant difference between the microbial communities of colostrum and mature milk and provided grounds for further research in dairy microbiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:22:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a1959b484c54d598aba2191e9c60e45 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:22:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5a1959b484c54d598aba2191e9c60e452023-11-20T18:18:28ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-10-011011195510.3390/ani10111955Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy GoatsZhannur Niyazbekova0Xiao-Ting Yao1Ming-Jie Liu2Nomin Bold3Juan-Zhen Tong4Jian-Jun Chang5Ying Wen6Li Li7Yong Wang8De-Kun Chen9Wen-Tao Ma10College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, ChinaBiomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, ChinaGoat milk is essential for the initial development of kids by providing a great source of commensal bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the microbiota of the milk of 30 healthy Saanen dairy goats. The 30 samples comprised 15 colostrum and 15 mature milk samples, collected from three different farms of Shaanxi Province. Colostrum samples were collected daily for five days post-delivery and mature milk was collected on the 7th, 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th days. The result showed that microbial alpha diversity was higher in the mature milk compared with that in the colostrum. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was performed to detect differentially abundant taxa in colostrum and goat milk. According to taxonomy results, <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> were the predominant bacteria phyla in both colostrum and mature milk. In addition, lactation stage noticeably influenced the composition of milk microbiota. Specifically, <i>Novosphingobium</i>, <i>Brachybacterium</i>, <i>Psychrobacter</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Yersinia</i>, <i>Roseateles</i>, <i>Rothia</i>, <i>Sanguibacter</i>, <i>Cloacibacterium</i>, <i>Variovorax</i>, <i>Sphingobacterium</i>, and <i>Coxiella</i> were enriched in the colostrum, while <i>Georgenia</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcus</i>, <i>Bacteroidales</i>, <i>Yaniella</i>, <i>Planomicrobium</i>, <i>Cloacibacterium</i>, <i>Azospirillum</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, <i>Cupriavidus</i>, <i>Herbaspirillum</i>, <i>Rhodobacteraceae</i>, and <i>Aeromonadales</i> were the dominant genera in the mature milk. The enriched metabolic functions of the goat milk microbiota were predicted by PICRUSt and classified by KEGG pathway. Moreover, the abundances of environmental information processing, cellular processes pathway, genetic information processing pathway, organismal systems pathway, and metabolism pathway were significantly different between microbiota of colostrum and mature milk. Altogether, our study disclosed the significant difference between the microbial communities of colostrum and mature milk and provided grounds for further research in dairy microbiology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1955goat milkcolostrummature milkmilk microbiotamicrobial diversityhigh-throughput sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Zhannur Niyazbekova Xiao-Ting Yao Ming-Jie Liu Nomin Bold Juan-Zhen Tong Jian-Jun Chang Ying Wen Li Li Yong Wang De-Kun Chen Wen-Tao Ma Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats Animals goat milk colostrum mature milk milk microbiota microbial diversity high-throughput sequencing |
| title | Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats |
| title_full | Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats |
| title_fullStr | Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats |
| title_short | Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats |
| title_sort | compositional and functional comparisons of the microbiota in the colostrum and mature milk of dairy goats |
| topic | goat milk colostrum mature milk milk microbiota microbial diversity high-throughput sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/11/1955 |
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