Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections
The microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract provide several critical functions to its host. Microorganisms found at the mucosal layer form organized three-dimensional structures which are considered to be biofilms. Their development and functions are influenced by host factors, host-microbe inter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/1922 |
| _version_ | 1797518072865619968 |
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| author | Jazmin Meza-Torres Emile Auria Bruno Dupuy Yannick D. N. Tremblay |
| author_facet | Jazmin Meza-Torres Emile Auria Bruno Dupuy Yannick D. N. Tremblay |
| author_sort | Jazmin Meza-Torres |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract provide several critical functions to its host. Microorganisms found at the mucosal layer form organized three-dimensional structures which are considered to be biofilms. Their development and functions are influenced by host factors, host-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions. These structures can dictate the health of their host by strengthening the natural defenses of the gut epithelium or cause disease by exacerbating underlying conditions. Biofilm communities can also block the establishment of pathogens and prevent infectious diseases. Although these biofilms are important for colonization resistance, new data provide evidence that gut biofilms can act as a reservoir for pathogens such as <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>. In this review, we will look at the biofilms of the intestinal tract, their contribution to health and disease, and the factors influencing their formation. We will then focus on the factors contributing to biofilm formation in <i>C. difficile</i>, how these biofilms are formed, and their properties. In the last section, we will look at how the gut microbiota and the gut biofilm influence <i>C. difficile</i> biofilm formation, persistence, and transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:25:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a1a6bf5f5844e6bb7adb701bd6e409b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:25:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a1a6bf5f5844e6bb7adb701bd6e409b2023-11-22T14:19:10ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-09-0199192210.3390/microorganisms9091922Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent InfectionsJazmin Meza-Torres0Emile Auria1Bruno Dupuy2Yannick D. N. Tremblay3Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, FranceLaboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, FranceLaboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, FranceLaboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, FranceThe microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract provide several critical functions to its host. Microorganisms found at the mucosal layer form organized three-dimensional structures which are considered to be biofilms. Their development and functions are influenced by host factors, host-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions. These structures can dictate the health of their host by strengthening the natural defenses of the gut epithelium or cause disease by exacerbating underlying conditions. Biofilm communities can also block the establishment of pathogens and prevent infectious diseases. Although these biofilms are important for colonization resistance, new data provide evidence that gut biofilms can act as a reservoir for pathogens such as <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>. In this review, we will look at the biofilms of the intestinal tract, their contribution to health and disease, and the factors influencing their formation. We will then focus on the factors contributing to biofilm formation in <i>C. difficile</i>, how these biofilms are formed, and their properties. In the last section, we will look at how the gut microbiota and the gut biofilm influence <i>C. difficile</i> biofilm formation, persistence, and transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/1922<i>Clostridioides</i> <i>difficile</i> infectioncommensal microbiotadysbiosismucosal-biofilmbiofilm inducerspersistence |
| spellingShingle | Jazmin Meza-Torres Emile Auria Bruno Dupuy Yannick D. N. Tremblay Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections Microorganisms <i>Clostridioides</i> <i>difficile</i> infection commensal microbiota dysbiosis mucosal-biofilm biofilm inducers persistence |
| title | Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections |
| title_full | Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections |
| title_fullStr | Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections |
| title_short | Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections |
| title_sort | wolf in sheep s clothing i clostridioides difficile i biofilm as a reservoir for recurrent infections |
| topic | <i>Clostridioides</i> <i>difficile</i> infection commensal microbiota dysbiosis mucosal-biofilm biofilm inducers persistence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/1922 |
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