Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish
Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/19/7289 |
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| author | Miriam Mojzesz Krzysztof Rakus Magdalena Chadzinska Kentaro Nakagami Gouranga Biswas Masahiro Sakai Jun-ichi Hikima |
| author_facet | Miriam Mojzesz Krzysztof Rakus Magdalena Chadzinska Kentaro Nakagami Gouranga Biswas Masahiro Sakai Jun-ichi Hikima |
| author_sort | Miriam Mojzesz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent advances in the identification of different types of PRRs in teleost fish revealed a number of cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids. These are DExD/H-box RNA helicases including a group of well-characterized retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases (e.g., DDX1, DDX3, DHX9, DDX21, DHX36 and DDX41) both involved in recognition of viral RNAs. Another group of PRRs includes cytosolic DNA sensors (CDSs), such as cGAS and LSm14A involved in recognition of viral and intracellular bacterial dsDNAs. Moreover, dsRNA-sensing protein kinase R (PKR), which has a role in antiviral immune responses in higher vertebrates, has been identified in fish. Additionally, fish possess a novel PKR-like protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domain, known as PKZ. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids in teleosts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:52:51Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:52:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a1f0551a5b34ca2b56510929f6138a92023-11-20T15:56:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012119728910.3390/ijms21197289Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in FishMiriam Mojzesz0Krzysztof Rakus1Magdalena Chadzinska2Kentaro Nakagami3Gouranga Biswas4Masahiro Sakai5Jun-ichi Hikima6Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanKakdwip Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743347, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanDepartment of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanRecognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent advances in the identification of different types of PRRs in teleost fish revealed a number of cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids. These are DExD/H-box RNA helicases including a group of well-characterized retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases (e.g., DDX1, DDX3, DHX9, DDX21, DHX36 and DDX41) both involved in recognition of viral RNAs. Another group of PRRs includes cytosolic DNA sensors (CDSs), such as cGAS and LSm14A involved in recognition of viral and intracellular bacterial dsDNAs. Moreover, dsRNA-sensing protein kinase R (PKR), which has a role in antiviral immune responses in higher vertebrates, has been identified in fish. Additionally, fish possess a novel PKR-like protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domain, known as PKZ. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids in teleosts.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/19/7289RLRRIG-IDExD/H-box RNA helicasescGASLSm14APKZ |
| spellingShingle | Miriam Mojzesz Krzysztof Rakus Magdalena Chadzinska Kentaro Nakagami Gouranga Biswas Masahiro Sakai Jun-ichi Hikima Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish International Journal of Molecular Sciences RLR RIG-I DExD/H-box RNA helicases cGAS LSm14A PKZ |
| title | Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish |
| title_full | Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish |
| title_fullStr | Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish |
| title_short | Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish |
| title_sort | cytosolic sensors for pathogenic viral and bacterial nucleic acids in fish |
| topic | RLR RIG-I DExD/H-box RNA helicases cGAS LSm14A PKZ |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/19/7289 |
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