Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains
In this work, a secure architecture to send data from an Internet of Things (IoT) device to a blockchain-based supply chain is presented. As is well known, blockchains can process critical information with high security, but the authenticity and accuracy of the stored and processed information depen...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9659 |
| _version_ | 1797379421525508096 |
|---|---|
| author | Ernesto Gómez-Marín Luis Parrilla Jose L. Tejero López Diego P. Morales Encarnación Castillo |
| author_facet | Ernesto Gómez-Marín Luis Parrilla Jose L. Tejero López Diego P. Morales Encarnación Castillo |
| author_sort | Ernesto Gómez-Marín |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, a secure architecture to send data from an Internet of Things (IoT) device to a blockchain-based supply chain is presented. As is well known, blockchains can process critical information with high security, but the authenticity and accuracy of the stored and processed information depend primarily on the reliability of the information sources. When this information requires acquisition from uncontrolled environments, as is the normal situation in the real world, it may be, intentionally or unintentionally, erroneous. The entities that provide this external information, called Oracles, are critical to guarantee the quality and veracity of the information generated by them, thus affecting the subsequent blockchain-based applications. In the case of IoT devices, there are no effective single solutions in the literature for achieving a secure implementation of an Oracle that is capable of sending data generated by a sensor to a blockchain. In order to fill this gap, in this paper, we present a holistic solution that enables blockchains to verify a set of security requirements in order to accept information from an IoT Oracle. The proposed solution uses Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) to address the security requirements of integrity and device trustworthiness, as well as a novel Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) based on a blockchain for authenticity, traceability, and data freshness. The solution is then implemented on Ethereum and evaluated regarding the fulfillment of the security requirements and time response. The final design has some flexibility limitations that will be approached in future work. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:22:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a28a8be546e4264805015f82d939c3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:22:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a28a8be546e4264805015f82d939c3d2023-12-22T14:40:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-12-012324965910.3390/s23249659Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in BlockchainsErnesto Gómez-Marín0Luis Parrilla1Jose L. Tejero López2Diego P. Morales3Encarnación Castillo4Infineon Technologies AG, 85579 Neubiberg, GermanyDepartamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainIn this work, a secure architecture to send data from an Internet of Things (IoT) device to a blockchain-based supply chain is presented. As is well known, blockchains can process critical information with high security, but the authenticity and accuracy of the stored and processed information depend primarily on the reliability of the information sources. When this information requires acquisition from uncontrolled environments, as is the normal situation in the real world, it may be, intentionally or unintentionally, erroneous. The entities that provide this external information, called Oracles, are critical to guarantee the quality and veracity of the information generated by them, thus affecting the subsequent blockchain-based applications. In the case of IoT devices, there are no effective single solutions in the literature for achieving a secure implementation of an Oracle that is capable of sending data generated by a sensor to a blockchain. In order to fill this gap, in this paper, we present a holistic solution that enables blockchains to verify a set of security requirements in order to accept information from an IoT Oracle. The proposed solution uses Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) to address the security requirements of integrity and device trustworthiness, as well as a novel Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) based on a blockchain for authenticity, traceability, and data freshness. The solution is then implemented on Ethereum and evaluated regarding the fulfillment of the security requirements and time response. The final design has some flexibility limitations that will be approached in future work.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9659Internet of Things (IoT)blockchainsmart contracthardware oraclepublic key infrastructure (PKI)trustworthiness |
| spellingShingle | Ernesto Gómez-Marín Luis Parrilla Jose L. Tejero López Diego P. Morales Encarnación Castillo Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains Sensors Internet of Things (IoT) blockchain smart contract hardware oracle public key infrastructure (PKI) trustworthiness |
| title | Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains |
| title_full | Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains |
| title_fullStr | Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains |
| title_short | Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains |
| title_sort | toward sensor measurement reliability in blockchains |
| topic | Internet of Things (IoT) blockchain smart contract hardware oracle public key infrastructure (PKI) trustworthiness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9659 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ernestogomezmarin towardsensormeasurementreliabilityinblockchains AT luisparrilla towardsensormeasurementreliabilityinblockchains AT joseltejerolopez towardsensormeasurementreliabilityinblockchains AT diegopmorales towardsensormeasurementreliabilityinblockchains AT encarnacioncastillo towardsensormeasurementreliabilityinblockchains |