Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg on the development of unfavourable changes in cognitive processes in a pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) model of the Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) in rats. The effe...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/625 |
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| author | Kinga Krzysztoforska Agnieszka Piechal Ewa Wojnar Kamilla Blecharz-Klin Justyna Pyrzanowska Ilona Joniec-Maciejak Jan Krzysztoforski Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz |
| author_facet | Kinga Krzysztoforska Agnieszka Piechal Ewa Wojnar Kamilla Blecharz-Klin Justyna Pyrzanowska Ilona Joniec-Maciejak Jan Krzysztoforski Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz |
| author_sort | Kinga Krzysztoforska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg on the development of unfavourable changes in cognitive processes in a pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) model of the Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) in rats. The effects of PCA were assessed at the behavioural and biochemical levels. Behavioural analysis was conducted using the Foot Fault test (FF), Bar test, Open Field test, Novel Object Recognition test (NOR), Hole–Board test and Morris Water Maze test (MWM). Biochemical analysis consisting of determination of concentration and turnover of neurotransmitters in selected structures of the rat CNS was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. PTD caused catalepsy (Bar test) and significantly impaired motor functions, leading to increased ladder crossing time and multiplied errors due to foot misplacement (FF). Rats with experimentally induced WKS showed impaired consolidation and recall of spatial reference memory in the MWM test, while episodic memory related to object recognition in the NOR was unimpaired. Compared to the control group, rats with WKS showed reduced serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and changes in dopamine and/or norepinephrine metabolites in the prefrontal cortex, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. PTD was also found to affect alanine, serine, glutamate, and threonine levels in certain areas of the rat brain. PCA alleviated PTD-induced cataleptic symptoms in rats, also improving their performance in the Foot Fault test. In the MWM, PCA at 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. improved memory consolidation and the ability to retrieve acquired information in rats, thereby preventing unfavourable changes caused by PTD. PCA at both tested doses was also shown to have a beneficial effect on normalising PTD-disrupted alanine and glutamate concentrations in the medulla oblongata. These findings demonstrate that certain cognitive deficits in spatial memory and abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels persist in rats that have experienced an acute episode of PTD, despite restoration of thiamine supply and long-term recovery. PCA supplementation largely had a preventive effect on the development of these deficits, to some extent also normalising neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5a367a8c36f74e40ba83a5f04a0d2f26 |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a367a8c36f74e40ba83a5f04a0d2f262023-11-16T17:39:36ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-01-0115362510.3390/nu15030625Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in RatsKinga Krzysztoforska0Agnieszka Piechal1Ewa Wojnar2Kamilla Blecharz-Klin3Justyna Pyrzanowska4Ilona Joniec-Maciejak5Jan Krzysztoforski6Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz7Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg on the development of unfavourable changes in cognitive processes in a pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) model of the Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) in rats. The effects of PCA were assessed at the behavioural and biochemical levels. Behavioural analysis was conducted using the Foot Fault test (FF), Bar test, Open Field test, Novel Object Recognition test (NOR), Hole–Board test and Morris Water Maze test (MWM). Biochemical analysis consisting of determination of concentration and turnover of neurotransmitters in selected structures of the rat CNS was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. PTD caused catalepsy (Bar test) and significantly impaired motor functions, leading to increased ladder crossing time and multiplied errors due to foot misplacement (FF). Rats with experimentally induced WKS showed impaired consolidation and recall of spatial reference memory in the MWM test, while episodic memory related to object recognition in the NOR was unimpaired. Compared to the control group, rats with WKS showed reduced serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and changes in dopamine and/or norepinephrine metabolites in the prefrontal cortex, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. PTD was also found to affect alanine, serine, glutamate, and threonine levels in certain areas of the rat brain. PCA alleviated PTD-induced cataleptic symptoms in rats, also improving their performance in the Foot Fault test. In the MWM, PCA at 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. improved memory consolidation and the ability to retrieve acquired information in rats, thereby preventing unfavourable changes caused by PTD. PCA at both tested doses was also shown to have a beneficial effect on normalising PTD-disrupted alanine and glutamate concentrations in the medulla oblongata. These findings demonstrate that certain cognitive deficits in spatial memory and abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels persist in rats that have experienced an acute episode of PTD, despite restoration of thiamine supply and long-term recovery. PCA supplementation largely had a preventive effect on the development of these deficits, to some extent also normalising neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/625protocatechuic acidWernicke–Korsakoff syndromememorybehaviourneurotransmittersglutamate |
| spellingShingle | Kinga Krzysztoforska Agnieszka Piechal Ewa Wojnar Kamilla Blecharz-Klin Justyna Pyrzanowska Ilona Joniec-Maciejak Jan Krzysztoforski Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats Nutrients protocatechuic acid Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome memory behaviour neurotransmitters glutamate |
| title | Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats |
| title_full | Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats |
| title_short | Protocatechuic Acid Prevents Some of the Memory-Related Behavioural and Neurotransmitter Changes in a Pyrithiamine-Induced Thiamine Deficiency Model of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome in Rats |
| title_sort | protocatechuic acid prevents some of the memory related behavioural and neurotransmitter changes in a pyrithiamine induced thiamine deficiency model of wernicke korsakoff syndrome in rats |
| topic | protocatechuic acid Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome memory behaviour neurotransmitters glutamate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/625 |
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