Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>
Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO<sub>2</sub> revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2294 |
| _version_ | 1797509227723358208 |
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| author | Carolin Paul Ulrich Sommer Birte Matthiessen |
| author_facet | Carolin Paul Ulrich Sommer Birte Matthiessen |
| author_sort | Carolin Paul |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO<sub>2</sub> revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phytoplankton groups gained from CO<sub>2</sub>. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in particular in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible <5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a377f3709af4457a16830c1ad931a18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a377f3709af4457a16830c1ad931a182023-11-23T00:29:15ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-11-01911229410.3390/microorganisms9112294Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>Carolin Paul0Ulrich Sommer1Birte Matthiessen2Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, GermanyMarine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, GermanyMarine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, GermanyPrevious studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO<sub>2</sub> revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phytoplankton groups gained from CO<sub>2</sub>. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in particular in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible <5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2294elevated temperatureelevated CO<sub>2</sub>phytoplanktonBaltic Seamorpho-functional traitsclimate changes |
| spellingShingle | Carolin Paul Ulrich Sommer Birte Matthiessen Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> Microorganisms elevated temperature elevated CO<sub>2</sub> phytoplankton Baltic Sea morpho-functional traits climate changes |
| title | Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full | Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_short | Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_sort | composition and dominance of edible and inedible phytoplankton predict responses of baltic sea summer communities to elevated temperature and co sub 2 sub |
| topic | elevated temperature elevated CO<sub>2</sub> phytoplankton Baltic Sea morpho-functional traits climate changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2294 |
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