Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus A
The Fanaroff–Riley Class II radio galaxy Cygnus A hosts jets that produce radio emission, X-ray cavities, cocoon shocks, and X-ray hotspots, where the jet interacts with the ICM. Surrounding one hotspot is a peculiar “hole” feature, which appears as a deficit in X-ray emission. We used relativistic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Galaxies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/11/2/51 |
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| author | John A. ZuHone Paul E. J. Nulsen Po-Hsun Tseng Hsi-Yu Schive Tom W. Jones |
| author_facet | John A. ZuHone Paul E. J. Nulsen Po-Hsun Tseng Hsi-Yu Schive Tom W. Jones |
| author_sort | John A. ZuHone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Fanaroff–Riley Class II radio galaxy Cygnus A hosts jets that produce radio emission, X-ray cavities, cocoon shocks, and X-ray hotspots, where the jet interacts with the ICM. Surrounding one hotspot is a peculiar “hole” feature, which appears as a deficit in X-ray emission. We used relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of a collimated jet interacting with an inclined interface between lobe and cluster plasma to model the basic processes that may lead to such a feature. We found that the jet reflects off of the interface into a broad, turbulent flow back out into the lobe, which is dominated by gas stripped from the interface at first and from the intracluster medium itself at later times. We produced simple models of X-ray emission from the ICM, the hotspot, and the reflected jet to show that a hole of emission surrounding the hotspot as seen in Cygnus A may be produced by Doppler de-boosting of the emission from the reflected jet, as seen by an observer with a sight line nearly along the axis of the outgoing material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:00:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a48ae884bfe418dbdec25131c298b16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4434 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:00:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Galaxies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a48ae884bfe418dbdec25131c298b162023-11-17T19:20:37ZengMDPI AGGalaxies2075-44342023-03-011125110.3390/galaxies11020051Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus AJohn A. ZuHone0Paul E. J. Nulsen1Po-Hsun Tseng2Hsi-Yu Schive3Tom W. Jones4Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USAInstitute of Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanInstitute of Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAThe Fanaroff–Riley Class II radio galaxy Cygnus A hosts jets that produce radio emission, X-ray cavities, cocoon shocks, and X-ray hotspots, where the jet interacts with the ICM. Surrounding one hotspot is a peculiar “hole” feature, which appears as a deficit in X-ray emission. We used relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of a collimated jet interacting with an inclined interface between lobe and cluster plasma to model the basic processes that may lead to such a feature. We found that the jet reflects off of the interface into a broad, turbulent flow back out into the lobe, which is dominated by gas stripped from the interface at first and from the intracluster medium itself at later times. We produced simple models of X-ray emission from the ICM, the hotspot, and the reflected jet to show that a hole of emission surrounding the hotspot as seen in Cygnus A may be produced by Doppler de-boosting of the emission from the reflected jet, as seen by an observer with a sight line nearly along the axis of the outgoing material.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/11/2/51active galactic nucleinumerical simulationsX-ray observationsradio observationsjetshydrodynamics |
| spellingShingle | John A. ZuHone Paul E. J. Nulsen Po-Hsun Tseng Hsi-Yu Schive Tom W. Jones Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus A Galaxies active galactic nuclei numerical simulations X-ray observations radio observations jets hydrodynamics |
| title | Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus A |
| title_full | Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus A |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus A |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus A |
| title_short | Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Relativistic Jet Interacting with the Intracluster Medium: Application to Cygnus A |
| title_sort | hydrodynamic simulations of a relativistic jet interacting with the intracluster medium application to cygnus a |
| topic | active galactic nuclei numerical simulations X-ray observations radio observations jets hydrodynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/11/2/51 |
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