The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic Fungi
Endophytes have the ability to improve plant nutrition alongside their agronomic performance, among which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide the most benefits to their host. Previously, we reported for the first time that an arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungus <i>Piriformospora indica</i&g...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/716 |
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| author | Lu-Lu Meng Rui-Cheng Liu Liu Yang Ying-Ning Zou Anoop Kumar Srivastava Kamil Kuča Abeer Hashem Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah Bhoopander Giri Qiang-Sheng Wu |
| author_facet | Lu-Lu Meng Rui-Cheng Liu Liu Yang Ying-Ning Zou Anoop Kumar Srivastava Kamil Kuča Abeer Hashem Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah Bhoopander Giri Qiang-Sheng Wu |
| author_sort | Lu-Lu Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endophytes have the ability to improve plant nutrition alongside their agronomic performance, among which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide the most benefits to their host. Previously, we reported for the first time that an arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungus <i>Piriformospora indica</i> had the ability to colonize roots of trifoliate orange (<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i>) and conferred positive effects on nutrient acquisition. Present study showed the changes in fatty acids and sugars to unravel the physiological and symbiotic association of trifoliate orange with <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> singly or in combination. All the endophytic fungi collectively increased fructose, glucose, and sucrose content in leaves and roots, along with a relatively higher increase with <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> inoculation than with <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i> alone or dual inoculation. Treatment with <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> increased the concentration of part unsaturated fatty acids such as C18:3N6, C20:2, C20:3N6, C20:4N6, C20:3N3, C20:5N3, C22:1N9, and C24:1. Additionally, <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> induced the increase in the concentration of part saturated fatty acids such as C6:0, C8:0, C13:0, C14:0, and C24:0. <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i> hardly changed the content of fatty acids, except for increase in C14:0 and C20:5N3. Double inoculation only reduced the C21:0, C10:0, C12:0, C18:3N3, and C18:1 content and increased the C20:5N3 content. These endophytic fungi up-regulated the root <i>PtFAD2, PtFAD6, PtΔ9</i>, and <i>PtΔ15</i> gene expression level, coupled with a higher expression of <i>PtFAD2</i> and <i>PtΔ9</i> by <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> than by <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i>. It was concluded that <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> exhibited a stronger response, for sugars and fatty acids, than <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i> on trifoliate orange. Such results also reveal the <i>Pi</i> (an <i>in vitro</i> culturable fungus) as a bio-stimulator applying to citriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:31:51Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:31:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a49a043025441b280836f106f0edcc92023-11-22T13:47:52ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-08-017971610.3390/jof7090716The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic FungiLu-Lu Meng0Rui-Cheng Liu1Liu Yang2Ying-Ning Zou3Anoop Kumar Srivastava4Kamil Kuča5Abeer Hashem6Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah7Bhoopander Giri8Qiang-Sheng Wu9College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech RepublicBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, IndiaCollege of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaEndophytes have the ability to improve plant nutrition alongside their agronomic performance, among which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide the most benefits to their host. Previously, we reported for the first time that an arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungus <i>Piriformospora indica</i> had the ability to colonize roots of trifoliate orange (<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i>) and conferred positive effects on nutrient acquisition. Present study showed the changes in fatty acids and sugars to unravel the physiological and symbiotic association of trifoliate orange with <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> singly or in combination. All the endophytic fungi collectively increased fructose, glucose, and sucrose content in leaves and roots, along with a relatively higher increase with <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> inoculation than with <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i> alone or dual inoculation. Treatment with <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> increased the concentration of part unsaturated fatty acids such as C18:3N6, C20:2, C20:3N6, C20:4N6, C20:3N3, C20:5N3, C22:1N9, and C24:1. Additionally, <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> induced the increase in the concentration of part saturated fatty acids such as C6:0, C8:0, C13:0, C14:0, and C24:0. <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i> hardly changed the content of fatty acids, except for increase in C14:0 and C20:5N3. Double inoculation only reduced the C21:0, C10:0, C12:0, C18:3N3, and C18:1 content and increased the C20:5N3 content. These endophytic fungi up-regulated the root <i>PtFAD2, PtFAD6, PtΔ9</i>, and <i>PtΔ15</i> gene expression level, coupled with a higher expression of <i>PtFAD2</i> and <i>PtΔ9</i> by <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> than by <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i>. It was concluded that <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> exhibited a stronger response, for sugars and fatty acids, than <i>F</i>. <i>mosseae</i> on trifoliate orange. Such results also reveal the <i>Pi</i> (an <i>in vitro</i> culturable fungus) as a bio-stimulator applying to citriculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/716carbohydratecitrusendophytesfatty acidsymbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Lu-Lu Meng Rui-Cheng Liu Liu Yang Ying-Ning Zou Anoop Kumar Srivastava Kamil Kuča Abeer Hashem Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah Bhoopander Giri Qiang-Sheng Wu The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic Fungi Journal of Fungi carbohydrate citrus endophytes fatty acid symbiosis |
| title | The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic Fungi |
| title_full | The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic Fungi |
| title_fullStr | The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic Fungi |
| title_short | The Change in Fatty Acids and Sugars Reveals the Association between Trifoliate Orange and Endophytic Fungi |
| title_sort | change in fatty acids and sugars reveals the association between trifoliate orange and endophytic fungi |
| topic | carbohydrate citrus endophytes fatty acid symbiosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/716 |
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