Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L.
Abstract Background Invasive species can threaten native diversity and alter ecosystem processes while interacting with other components of global environmental change. Invasive plants are becoming increasingly problematic and this can be stimulated by changes in the environment. However, existing s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Ecological Processes |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-022-00407-8 |
| _version_ | 1811226726920880128 |
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| author | Guangqian Ren Bin Yang Miaomiao Cui Zhicong Dai Yan Xiang Haiyan Zhang Guanlin Li Jian Li Qaiser Javed Daolin Du |
| author_facet | Guangqian Ren Bin Yang Miaomiao Cui Zhicong Dai Yan Xiang Haiyan Zhang Guanlin Li Jian Li Qaiser Javed Daolin Du |
| author_sort | Guangqian Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Invasive species can threaten native diversity and alter ecosystem processes while interacting with other components of global environmental change. Invasive plants are becoming increasingly problematic and this can be stimulated by changes in the environment. However, existing studies have primarily investigated the effects of environmental change on a specific stage of plant invasion rather than the continuous invasion process. Methods A space-for-time substitution experiment was performed to investigate how warming and nitrogen deposition affects the invasion process of a plant. Specifically, different ratios of invasive Solidago canadensis L. to native Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van were employed as a proxy to represent successive levels of invasion. A total of seven treatments were applied in the experiment: ambient (CK), N addition (+ 5, + 12 g m−2 year−1), warming (+ 1.15, + 1.86 °C) and their interaction (5 g N m−2 year−1 + 1.15 °C, 12 g N m−2 year−1 + 1.86 °C). The growth performance and competitiveness of S. canadensis were investigated. Results The competitiveness of Solidago canadensis decreased linearly with its invasion degree (p < 0.05). Non-linear regression showed that S. canadensis invasion levels of 53%, 53%, 68%, 55% and 58% were the critical thresholds for shifting the direction or magnitude of chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen, leaf shape index, diameter, and root/shoot ratio, respectively. Compared with the ambient treatment (CK, no warming and no N addition), the diameter, height, biomass and relative competitiveness of S. canadensis were each limited by warming, to a certain extent, whereas these and the above parameters were significantly increased by nitrogen deposition. The interaction of increased temperature and nitrogen deposition led to significant increases in the growth and competitiveness of S. canadensis, and this effect was detected in every stage of the invasion, throughout the invasion process. Conclusions Environmental change might have a continuous, progressive, and augmentative effect on the phenotypic traits of S. canadensis. This study provides fairly robust evidence that environmental change promotes the invasion process of S. canadensis in general, not simply in specific stages. In the future, rather than focusing on specific stages, experimental studies should consider examining invasion on a broader scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:30:10Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5a4bb151fff945509a2c37775efc835c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2192-1709 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:30:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Ecological Processes |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a4bb151fff945509a2c37775efc835c2022-12-22T03:38:23ZengSpringerOpenEcological Processes2192-17092022-10-0111111210.1186/s13717-022-00407-8Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L.Guangqian Ren0Bin Yang1Miaomiao Cui2Zhicong Dai3Yan Xiang4Haiyan Zhang5Guanlin Li6Jian Li7Qaiser Javed8Daolin Du9Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityInstitute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityAbstract Background Invasive species can threaten native diversity and alter ecosystem processes while interacting with other components of global environmental change. Invasive plants are becoming increasingly problematic and this can be stimulated by changes in the environment. However, existing studies have primarily investigated the effects of environmental change on a specific stage of plant invasion rather than the continuous invasion process. Methods A space-for-time substitution experiment was performed to investigate how warming and nitrogen deposition affects the invasion process of a plant. Specifically, different ratios of invasive Solidago canadensis L. to native Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van were employed as a proxy to represent successive levels of invasion. A total of seven treatments were applied in the experiment: ambient (CK), N addition (+ 5, + 12 g m−2 year−1), warming (+ 1.15, + 1.86 °C) and their interaction (5 g N m−2 year−1 + 1.15 °C, 12 g N m−2 year−1 + 1.86 °C). The growth performance and competitiveness of S. canadensis were investigated. Results The competitiveness of Solidago canadensis decreased linearly with its invasion degree (p < 0.05). Non-linear regression showed that S. canadensis invasion levels of 53%, 53%, 68%, 55% and 58% were the critical thresholds for shifting the direction or magnitude of chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen, leaf shape index, diameter, and root/shoot ratio, respectively. Compared with the ambient treatment (CK, no warming and no N addition), the diameter, height, biomass and relative competitiveness of S. canadensis were each limited by warming, to a certain extent, whereas these and the above parameters were significantly increased by nitrogen deposition. The interaction of increased temperature and nitrogen deposition led to significant increases in the growth and competitiveness of S. canadensis, and this effect was detected in every stage of the invasion, throughout the invasion process. Conclusions Environmental change might have a continuous, progressive, and augmentative effect on the phenotypic traits of S. canadensis. This study provides fairly robust evidence that environmental change promotes the invasion process of S. canadensis in general, not simply in specific stages. In the future, rather than focusing on specific stages, experimental studies should consider examining invasion on a broader scale.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-022-00407-8Environmental changePhenotypic traitCompetitivenessSolidago canadensis L.Invasion process |
| spellingShingle | Guangqian Ren Bin Yang Miaomiao Cui Zhicong Dai Yan Xiang Haiyan Zhang Guanlin Li Jian Li Qaiser Javed Daolin Du Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L. Ecological Processes Environmental change Phenotypic trait Competitiveness Solidago canadensis L. Invasion process |
| title | Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L. |
| title_full | Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L. |
| title_fullStr | Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L. |
| title_short | Warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of Solidago canadensis L. |
| title_sort | warming and elevated nitrogen deposition accelerate the invasion process of solidago canadensis l |
| topic | Environmental change Phenotypic trait Competitiveness Solidago canadensis L. Invasion process |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-022-00407-8 |
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