Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say?
The origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani groups have been intensely debated among archaeologists and linguists in the last five decades. In summary it is widely accepted by archeologists that the ethnogenesis of this linguistic stock, who occupied the majority of Brazilian territory and part of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
2011-04-01
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| Series: | Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1981-81222011000100007&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |
| _version_ | 1811268521878880256 |
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| author | Walter Alves Neves Danilo Vicensotto Bernardo Mercedes Okumura Tatiana Ferreira de Almeida André Menezes Strauss |
| author_facet | Walter Alves Neves Danilo Vicensotto Bernardo Mercedes Okumura Tatiana Ferreira de Almeida André Menezes Strauss |
| author_sort | Walter Alves Neves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani groups have been intensely debated among archaeologists and linguists in the last five decades. In summary it is widely accepted by archeologists that the ethnogenesis of this linguistic stock, who occupied the majority of Brazilian territory and part of Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina, can be traced to Amazonia and from there migrated eastward and southward around 2,500 years before present, although a dispersion in the opposite direction, i.e., from south to north, with an origin in the basin of the Tietê-Paraná region, has not been completely ruled out. Among the archaeologists who regard Amazonia as the birthplace of these people, some believe that they originated in Central Amazonia. Others believe that the Tupiguarani's ethnogenesis occurred in southwestern Amazonia, where the majority of Tupi linguistic diversity is currently concentrated. In this study, the morphology of 19 human skulls associated with the Tupiguarani archaeological tradition, or ethnographically described as such, were compared with several prehistoric and ethnographic cranial series from Brazil by means of multivariate statistics. Two multivariate techniques were used: Principal Components Analysis applied to the centroid of each series and the Mahalanobis Distance applied to the individual data. Our results suggest an Amazonian connection for the Tupiguarani people, mainly because of the strong association found between Tupi and Guarani skulls from southern and southeastern Brazil and Tupi from northern Brazil with specimens from Marajó Island included in the work. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:24:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a4cd5d64109433d8db8951e5bb90bad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1981-8122 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:24:38Z |
| publishDate | 2011-04-01 |
| publisher | Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a4cd5d64109433d8db8951e5bb90bad2022-12-22T03:16:13ZengMuseu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBoletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas1981-81222011-04-016195122Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say?Walter Alves NevesDanilo Vicensotto BernardoMercedes OkumuraTatiana Ferreira de AlmeidaAndré Menezes StraussThe origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani groups have been intensely debated among archaeologists and linguists in the last five decades. In summary it is widely accepted by archeologists that the ethnogenesis of this linguistic stock, who occupied the majority of Brazilian territory and part of Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina, can be traced to Amazonia and from there migrated eastward and southward around 2,500 years before present, although a dispersion in the opposite direction, i.e., from south to north, with an origin in the basin of the Tietê-Paraná region, has not been completely ruled out. Among the archaeologists who regard Amazonia as the birthplace of these people, some believe that they originated in Central Amazonia. Others believe that the Tupiguarani's ethnogenesis occurred in southwestern Amazonia, where the majority of Tupi linguistic diversity is currently concentrated. In this study, the morphology of 19 human skulls associated with the Tupiguarani archaeological tradition, or ethnographically described as such, were compared with several prehistoric and ethnographic cranial series from Brazil by means of multivariate statistics. Two multivariate techniques were used: Principal Components Analysis applied to the centroid of each series and the Mahalanobis Distance applied to the individual data. Our results suggest an Amazonian connection for the Tupiguarani people, mainly because of the strong association found between Tupi and Guarani skulls from southern and southeastern Brazil and Tupi from northern Brazil with specimens from Marajó Island included in the work.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1981-81222011000100007&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=ptMultivariate AnalysisCranial morphologyNative Americans |
| spellingShingle | Walter Alves Neves Danilo Vicensotto Bernardo Mercedes Okumura Tatiana Ferreira de Almeida André Menezes Strauss Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say? Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas Multivariate Analysis Cranial morphology Native Americans |
| title | Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say? |
| title_full | Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say? |
| title_fullStr | Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say? |
| title_short | Origin and dispersion of the Tupiguarani: what does cranial morphology say? |
| title_sort | origin and dispersion of the tupiguarani what does cranial morphology say |
| topic | Multivariate Analysis Cranial morphology Native Americans |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1981-81222011000100007&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |
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