Grain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Abstract Background Seed size has been extensively studied in crop plants, as it determines crop yield. However, the mechanism of seed development remains elusive. In this study, we explored the mechanism of seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and identified proteins affecting seed size. Res...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Botanical Studies |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40529-018-0240-z |
| _version_ | 1828838996911849472 |
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| author | Kyu Ho Lee Sang Woo Park Yeon Jeong Kim Yeon Jong Koo Jong Tae Song Hak Soo Seo |
| author_facet | Kyu Ho Lee Sang Woo Park Yeon Jeong Kim Yeon Jong Koo Jong Tae Song Hak Soo Seo |
| author_sort | Kyu Ho Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Seed size has been extensively studied in crop plants, as it determines crop yield. However, the mechanism of seed development remains elusive. In this study, we explored the mechanism of seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and identified proteins affecting seed size. Results Proteomic analysis showed that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitinase 14 (CHT14), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) accumulated to high levels in the seeds of the natural japonica rice mutant Oochikara, which carries a loss-of-function mutation in the grain width 2 (GW2) gene; GW2 encodes a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. In vitro pull-down and ubiquitination assays showed that CHT14 and PGK directly interacted with GW2 but were not ubiquitinated by GW2. Immunoblot analysis revealed that protein disulfide isomerase-like 1-1 accumulated to high levels in young developing seeds of the gw2 mutant compared with the wild type. Histochemical β-glucuronidase staining showed strong expression of GW2 in leaf and root tissues but weak expression in leaf sheaths and internodes. In addition, transformation of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the control of the GW2 promoter in rice revealed GFP expression in the aleurone layer of seeds. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that GW2 regulates seed size through direct interactions with proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism by modulating their activity or stability and controlling disulfide bond formation in various proteins during seed development. Additionally, GW2 participates in vegetative as well as reproductive growth, and protects the seed from pathogen attack. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a506376fcad4b8a9e6969cc26e3d9a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-3110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Botanical Studies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a506376fcad4b8a9e6969cc26e3d9a42022-12-22T00:14:45ZengSpringerOpenBotanical Studies1999-31102018-10-015911710.1186/s40529-018-0240-zGrain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.)Kyu Ho Lee0Sang Woo Park1Yeon Jeong Kim2Yeon Jong Koo3Jong Tae Song4Hak Soo Seo5Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National UniversitySchool of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDepartment of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversityAbstract Background Seed size has been extensively studied in crop plants, as it determines crop yield. However, the mechanism of seed development remains elusive. In this study, we explored the mechanism of seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and identified proteins affecting seed size. Results Proteomic analysis showed that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitinase 14 (CHT14), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) accumulated to high levels in the seeds of the natural japonica rice mutant Oochikara, which carries a loss-of-function mutation in the grain width 2 (GW2) gene; GW2 encodes a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. In vitro pull-down and ubiquitination assays showed that CHT14 and PGK directly interacted with GW2 but were not ubiquitinated by GW2. Immunoblot analysis revealed that protein disulfide isomerase-like 1-1 accumulated to high levels in young developing seeds of the gw2 mutant compared with the wild type. Histochemical β-glucuronidase staining showed strong expression of GW2 in leaf and root tissues but weak expression in leaf sheaths and internodes. In addition, transformation of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the control of the GW2 promoter in rice revealed GFP expression in the aleurone layer of seeds. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that GW2 regulates seed size through direct interactions with proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism by modulating their activity or stability and controlling disulfide bond formation in various proteins during seed development. Additionally, GW2 participates in vegetative as well as reproductive growth, and protects the seed from pathogen attack.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40529-018-0240-zAleurone layerCHT14E3 ubiquitin ligaseGW2PDIL1-1PGK |
| spellingShingle | Kyu Ho Lee Sang Woo Park Yeon Jeong Kim Yeon Jong Koo Jong Tae Song Hak Soo Seo Grain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Botanical Studies Aleurone layer CHT14 E3 ubiquitin ligase GW2 PDIL1-1 PGK |
| title | Grain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
| title_full | Grain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
| title_fullStr | Grain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
| title_short | Grain width 2 (GW2) and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
| title_sort | grain width 2 gw2 and its interacting proteins regulate seed development in rice oryza sativa l |
| topic | Aleurone layer CHT14 E3 ubiquitin ligase GW2 PDIL1-1 PGK |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40529-018-0240-z |
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