Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS Database
In this study, we used the large number of cases in the FDA adverse-event reporting system (FAERS) database to investigate risk factors for drug-induced hiccups and to explore the relationship between hiccups and gender. From 11,810,863 adverse drug reactions reported between the first quarter of 20...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/1/27 |
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| author | Ryuichiro Hosoya Reiko Ishii-Nozawa Kota Kurosaki Yoshihiro Uesawa |
| author_facet | Ryuichiro Hosoya Reiko Ishii-Nozawa Kota Kurosaki Yoshihiro Uesawa |
| author_sort | Ryuichiro Hosoya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we used the large number of cases in the FDA adverse-event reporting system (FAERS) database to investigate risk factors for drug-induced hiccups and to explore the relationship between hiccups and gender. From 11,810,863 adverse drug reactions reported between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2020, we extracted only those in which side effects occurred between the beginning and end of drug administration. Our sample included 1454 adverse reactions for hiccups, with 1159 involving males and 257 involving females (the gender in 38 reports was unknown). We performed univariate analyses of the presence or absence of hiccups for each drug and performed multivariate analysis by adding patient information. The multivariate analysis showed nicotine products to be key suspect drugs for both men and women. For males, the risk factors for hiccups included older age, lower body weight, nicotine, and 14 other drugs. For females, only nicotine and three other drugs were extracted as independent risk factors. Using FAERS, we were thus able to extract new suspect drugs for drug-induced hiccups. Furthermore, this is the first report of a gender-specific analysis of risk factors for hiccups that provides novel insights into drug-induced hiccups, and it suggests that the mechanism responsible is strongly related to gender. Thus, this study can contribute to elucidating the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:45:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a66e794181b47a1a4c8f49941b2a06c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:45:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a66e794181b47a1a4c8f49941b2a06c2023-11-23T15:00:57ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472021-12-011512710.3390/ph15010027Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS DatabaseRyuichiro Hosoya0Reiko Ishii-Nozawa1Kota Kurosaki2Yoshihiro Uesawa3Department of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, JapanDepartment of Clinical Neuropharmacology, Education and Research Unit for Comprehensive Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, JapanDepartment of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, JapanDepartment of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, JapanIn this study, we used the large number of cases in the FDA adverse-event reporting system (FAERS) database to investigate risk factors for drug-induced hiccups and to explore the relationship between hiccups and gender. From 11,810,863 adverse drug reactions reported between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2020, we extracted only those in which side effects occurred between the beginning and end of drug administration. Our sample included 1454 adverse reactions for hiccups, with 1159 involving males and 257 involving females (the gender in 38 reports was unknown). We performed univariate analyses of the presence or absence of hiccups for each drug and performed multivariate analysis by adding patient information. The multivariate analysis showed nicotine products to be key suspect drugs for both men and women. For males, the risk factors for hiccups included older age, lower body weight, nicotine, and 14 other drugs. For females, only nicotine and three other drugs were extracted as independent risk factors. Using FAERS, we were thus able to extract new suspect drugs for drug-induced hiccups. Furthermore, this is the first report of a gender-specific analysis of risk factors for hiccups that provides novel insights into drug-induced hiccups, and it suggests that the mechanism responsible is strongly related to gender. Thus, this study can contribute to elucidating the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/1/27hiccupsadverse effectssex characteristicspharmaceutical databasenicotine |
| spellingShingle | Ryuichiro Hosoya Reiko Ishii-Nozawa Kota Kurosaki Yoshihiro Uesawa Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS Database Pharmaceuticals hiccups adverse effects sex characteristics pharmaceutical database nicotine |
| title | Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS Database |
| title_full | Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS Database |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS Database |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS Database |
| title_short | Analysis of Factors Associated with Hiccups Using the FAERS Database |
| title_sort | analysis of factors associated with hiccups using the faers database |
| topic | hiccups adverse effects sex characteristics pharmaceutical database nicotine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/1/27 |
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