Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture
Magnetite supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment. The magnetic catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis and N2 physisorption. The catalysts were...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/4/514 |
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| author | Ysabel Huaccallo-Aguilar Silvia Álvarez-Torrellas Johanny Martínez-Nieves Jonathan Delgado-Adámez María Victoria Gil Gabriel Ovejero Juan García |
| author_facet | Ysabel Huaccallo-Aguilar Silvia Álvarez-Torrellas Johanny Martínez-Nieves Jonathan Delgado-Adámez María Victoria Gil Gabriel Ovejero Juan García |
| author_sort | Ysabel Huaccallo-Aguilar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnetite supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment. The magnetic catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis and N2 physisorption. The catalysts were then tested for their ability to remove diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NAP) from an aqueous solution at different conditions (pH, temperature, and hydrogen peroxide) to determine the optimum conditions for chemical oxidation. The optimization of the process parameters was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box–Behnken design (BBD). By RSM–BBD methodology, the optimal parameters (1.75 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dosage, 70 °C and pH 6.5) were determined, and the removal percentages of NAP and DCF were 19 and 54%, respectively. The NAP–DCF degradation by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) was caused by •OH radicals. In CWPO of mixed drug solutions, DCF and NAP showed competitive oxidation. Hydrophobic interactions played an important role during the CWPO process. On the other hand, the magnetic catalyst reduced its activity after the second cycle of reuse. In addition, proof of concept and disinfection tests performed at the operating conditions showed results following the complexity of the water matrices. In this sense, the magnetic catalyst in CWPO has adequate potential to treat water contaminated with NAP–DCF mixtures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:10:31Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5a6fbac53e9b4975aace98d04ab8f823 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:10:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a6fbac53e9b4975aace98d04ab8f8232023-11-21T16:13:59ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442021-04-0111451410.3390/catal11040514Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac MixtureYsabel Huaccallo-Aguilar0Silvia Álvarez-Torrellas1Johanny Martínez-Nieves2Jonathan Delgado-Adámez3María Victoria Gil4Gabriel Ovejero5Juan García6Catalysis and Separation Processes Group, Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainCatalysis and Separation Processes Group, Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainCatalysis and Separation Processes Group, Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainChemical Tecnological Institute of Food and Agriculture (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, SpainIACYS-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainCatalysis and Separation Processes Group, Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainCatalysis and Separation Processes Group, Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainMagnetite supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment. The magnetic catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis and N2 physisorption. The catalysts were then tested for their ability to remove diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NAP) from an aqueous solution at different conditions (pH, temperature, and hydrogen peroxide) to determine the optimum conditions for chemical oxidation. The optimization of the process parameters was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box–Behnken design (BBD). By RSM–BBD methodology, the optimal parameters (1.75 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dosage, 70 °C and pH 6.5) were determined, and the removal percentages of NAP and DCF were 19 and 54%, respectively. The NAP–DCF degradation by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) was caused by •OH radicals. In CWPO of mixed drug solutions, DCF and NAP showed competitive oxidation. Hydrophobic interactions played an important role during the CWPO process. On the other hand, the magnetic catalyst reduced its activity after the second cycle of reuse. In addition, proof of concept and disinfection tests performed at the operating conditions showed results following the complexity of the water matrices. In this sense, the magnetic catalyst in CWPO has adequate potential to treat water contaminated with NAP–DCF mixtures.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/4/514emerging contaminantsCWPOmagnetic catalystMWCNTswastewater |
| spellingShingle | Ysabel Huaccallo-Aguilar Silvia Álvarez-Torrellas Johanny Martínez-Nieves Jonathan Delgado-Adámez María Victoria Gil Gabriel Ovejero Juan García Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture Catalysts emerging contaminants CWPO magnetic catalyst MWCNTs wastewater |
| title | Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture |
| title_full | Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture |
| title_fullStr | Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture |
| title_short | Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture |
| title_sort | magnetite based catalyst in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation for different aqueous matrices spiked with naproxen diclofenac mixture |
| topic | emerging contaminants CWPO magnetic catalyst MWCNTs wastewater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/4/514 |
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