Production of Fungal Quinones: Problems and Prospects

Fungal quinones can be used for a variety of applications, such as pharmaceuticals, food colorants, textile dyes, and battery electrolytes. However, when producing quinones by fungal cultivation, many considerations arise regarding the feasibility of a production system, such as the quinone yield, p...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Johan Vormsborg Christiansen, Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen, Jens Christian Frisvad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-07-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/8/1041
Description
Summary:Fungal quinones can be used for a variety of applications, such as pharmaceuticals, food colorants, textile dyes, and battery electrolytes. However, when producing quinones by fungal cultivation, many considerations arise regarding the feasibility of a production system, such as the quinone yield, purity, ease of extraction, and the co-production of mycotoxins. In this work, we display the initial screening of filamentous fungi for quinone production and evaluate their potential for future optimization. We investigated toluquinone (TQ) potentially produced by <i>Penicillium</i> cf. <i>griseofulvum</i>, terreic acid (TA) produced by <i>Aspergillus parvulus</i> and <i>A. christenseniae</i>, and anthraquinone (AQ) monomers and dimers produced by <i>Talaromyces islandicus</i>. The strains grew on various agar and/or liquid media and were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF MS). In the case of AQs, feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) was used for the identification of AQ analogs. TQ was not observed in the production strains. TA constituted one of the major chromatogram peaks and was secreted into the growth medium by <i>A. parvulus</i>. The AQs constituted many major chromatogram peaks in the mycelium extracts and endocrocin and citreorosein were observed extracellularly in small amounts.
ISSN:2218-273X