Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL
Convective redistribution of ozone and its precursors between the boundary layer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) influences photochemistry, in particular in the middle and upper troposphere (UT). We present a case study of convective transport during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical rain fo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2014-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/8917/2014/acp-14-8917-2014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818509948486680576 |
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| author | H. Bozem H. Fischer C. Gurk C. L. Schiller U. Parchatka R. Koenigstedt A. Stickler M. Martinez H. Harder D. Kubistin J. Williams G. Eerdekens J. Lelieveld |
| author_facet | H. Bozem H. Fischer C. Gurk C. L. Schiller U. Parchatka R. Koenigstedt A. Stickler M. Martinez H. Harder D. Kubistin J. Williams G. Eerdekens J. Lelieveld |
| author_sort | H. Bozem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Convective redistribution of ozone and its precursors between the boundary
layer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) influences photochemistry, in
particular in the middle and upper troposphere (UT). We present a case study
of convective transport during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical rain
forest in Suriname in October 2005. During one measurement flight the inflow
and outflow regions of a cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) have been characterized. We
identified a distinct layer between 9 and 11 km altitude with enhanced
mixing ratios of CO, O<sub>3</sub>, HO<sub>x</sub>, acetone and
acetonitrile. The elevated O<sub>3</sub> contradicts the expectation that
convective transport brings low-ozone air from the boundary layer to the
outflow region. Entrainment of ozone-rich air is estimated to account for
62% (range: 33–91%) of the observed O<sub>3</sub>. Ozone is enhanced by
only 5–6% by photochemical production in the outflow due to enhanced NO
from lightning, based on model calculations using observations including the
first reported HO<sub>x</sub> measurements over the tropical rainforest. The
"excess" ozone in the outflow is most probably due to direct production by
corona discharge associated with lightning. We deduce a production rate of
5.12 × 10<sup>28</sup> molecules O<sub>3</sub> flash<sup>−1</sup> (range:
9.89 × 10<sup>26</sup>–9.82 × 10<sup>28</sup> molecules O<sub>3</sub> flash<sup>−1</sup>),
which is at the upper limit of the range reported previously. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:52:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a7ceade69044a63af6dbca64050d998 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:52:29Z |
| publishDate | 2014-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a7ceade69044a63af6dbca64050d9982022-12-22T01:30:21ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242014-09-0114178917893110.5194/acp-14-8917-2014Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIELH. Bozem0H. Fischer1C. Gurk2C. L. Schiller3U. Parchatka4R. Koenigstedt5A. Stickler6M. Martinez7H. Harder8D. Kubistin9J. Williams10G. Eerdekens11J. Lelieveld12Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyScience Division, Environment Canada, Vancouver, CanadaDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyConvective redistribution of ozone and its precursors between the boundary layer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) influences photochemistry, in particular in the middle and upper troposphere (UT). We present a case study of convective transport during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical rain forest in Suriname in October 2005. During one measurement flight the inflow and outflow regions of a cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) have been characterized. We identified a distinct layer between 9 and 11 km altitude with enhanced mixing ratios of CO, O<sub>3</sub>, HO<sub>x</sub>, acetone and acetonitrile. The elevated O<sub>3</sub> contradicts the expectation that convective transport brings low-ozone air from the boundary layer to the outflow region. Entrainment of ozone-rich air is estimated to account for 62% (range: 33–91%) of the observed O<sub>3</sub>. Ozone is enhanced by only 5–6% by photochemical production in the outflow due to enhanced NO from lightning, based on model calculations using observations including the first reported HO<sub>x</sub> measurements over the tropical rainforest. The "excess" ozone in the outflow is most probably due to direct production by corona discharge associated with lightning. We deduce a production rate of 5.12 × 10<sup>28</sup> molecules O<sub>3</sub> flash<sup>−1</sup> (range: 9.89 × 10<sup>26</sup>–9.82 × 10<sup>28</sup> molecules O<sub>3</sub> flash<sup>−1</sup>), which is at the upper limit of the range reported previously.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/8917/2014/acp-14-8917-2014.pdf |
| spellingShingle | H. Bozem H. Fischer C. Gurk C. L. Schiller U. Parchatka R. Koenigstedt A. Stickler M. Martinez H. Harder D. Kubistin J. Williams G. Eerdekens J. Lelieveld Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL |
| title_full | Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL |
| title_fullStr | Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL |
| title_short | Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL |
| title_sort | influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere a case study of deep convection during gabriel |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/8917/2014/acp-14-8917-2014.pdf |
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